Article IArticle I

NATIONAL TERRITORYNATIONAL TERRITORY

SECTION 1SECTION 1.The national territory comprises .The national territory comprises the Philippine the Philippine archipelagoarchipelago, with all the , with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdictionjurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, , consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.waters of the Philippines.

Meaning of Meaning of ARCHIPELAGOARCHIPELAGO

It has been defined as a sea or It has been defined as a sea or part of a sea studded with islands, or part of a sea studded with islands, or as a large group of islands in an as a large group of islands in an extensive body of water such as a extensive body of water such as a sea.sea.

3 Domains of Philippine 3 Domains of Philippine TerritoryTerritory

1.1. Terrestrial Terrestrial – land mass– land mass

2.2. Fluvial Fluvial - inland/external water- inland/external water

3.3. Aerial Aerial – airspace above the – airspace above the land land and water and water

THREE-FOLD DIVISION OF THREE-FOLD DIVISION OF NAVIGABLE WATERSNAVIGABLE WATERS

(1)(1) Inland/Internal/National Waters. Inland/Internal/National Waters.

- - they are parts of the sea within the land they are parts of the sea within the land territoryterritory

(2) Territorial Sea.(2) Territorial Sea.

- - it is the belt of water outside and parallel it is the belt of water outside and parallel to the outer limits of the inland/internal to the outer limits of the inland/internal waters.waters.

(3) High/Open Seas.(3) High/Open Seas.

- - waters that lie seaward of the territorial waters that lie seaward of the territorial seasea. .

Article IIArticle II

Declaration of Principles Declaration of Principles AndAnd

State PoliciesState Policies

SECTION 1.SECTION 1. The Philippines is a The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates all government authority emanates from them.from them.

SECTION 2.SECTION 2. The Philippines The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.and amity with all nations.

SECTION 3.SECTION 3. Civilian authority is, at Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.integrity of the national territory.

SECTION 4.SECTION 4. The prime duty of the The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil render personal military or civil service.service.

SECTION 5.SECTION 5. The maintenance of The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the life, liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general welfare are promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of the people of the blessings of democracy.democracy.

SECTION 6.SECTION 6. The separation of The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.Church and State shall be inviolable.

SECTION 7.SECTION 7. The State shall pursue The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be paramount consideration shall be national sovereigntynational sovereignty, , territorial territorial integrityintegrity, , national interestnational interest, and , and the the right to self-determinationright to self-determination..

SECTION 8.SECTION 8. The Philippines, consistent The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.nuclear weapons in its territory.

Sec.8 Forbids : Making, Storing, Sec.8 Forbids : Making, Storing, Manufacturing, and Dumping of Nuclear Manufacturing, and Dumping of Nuclear Weapons and other a like devices.Weapons and other a like devices.

SECTION 9.SECTION 9. The State shall promote The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through the people from poverty through policies that policies that provide adequate provide adequate social servicessocial services, , promote full promote full employmentemployment, a , a rising standard of rising standard of livingliving, and an , and an improved quality of improved quality of life for all.life for all.

SECTION 10.SECTION 10. The State shall The State shall promote social justice in all phases promote social justice in all phases of national development. of national development. (Discussed (Discussed under Art XIII)under Art XIII)

SECTION 11.SECTION 11. The State values The State values the dignity of every human person the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for and guarantees full respect for human rights. human rights. (Discussed under Art (Discussed under Art III and ART XIII)III and ART XIII)

SECTION 12.SECTION 12. The State recognizes The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the familyprotect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall institution. It shall equally protect equally protect the life of the mother and the life the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conceptionof the unborn from conception. The . The natural and primary right and duty of natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the moral character shall receive the support of the Government.support of the Government.

SECTION 13.SECTION 13. The State The State recognizes the vital recognizes the vital role of the role of the youth in national buildingyouth in national building and and shall promote and protect their shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-intellectual, and social well-beingbeing. It shall inculcate in the youth . It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their encourage their involvement in involvement in public and civic affairspublic and civic affairs..

SECTION 14.SECTION 14. The State The State recognizes recognizes the role of women in nation-the role of women in nation-buildingbuilding, and shall ensure the , and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law fundamental equality before the law of women and men.of women and men.

SECTION 15.SECTION 15. The State shall The State shall protect and promote the right to protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.consciousness among them.

SECTION 16.SECTION 16. The State shall protect The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

SECTION 17.SECTION 17. The State shall give The State shall give priority to education, science and priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development total human liberation and development

SECTION 18.SECTION 18. The State affirms The State affirms labor as a primary social economic labor as a primary social economic forceforce. It shall protect the rights of . It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.workers and promote their welfare.

SECTION 19.SECTION 19. The State shall The State shall develop a self-reliant and develop a self-reliant and independent national economy independent national economy effectively controlled byeffectively controlled by FilipinosFilipinos..

SECTION 20.SECTION 20. The State The State recognizes the indispensable role of recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, the private sector, encourages encourages private enterprise, and provides private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investmentsincentives to needed investments..

SECTION 21.SECTION 21. The State shall The State shall promote promote comprehensive rural comprehensive rural development and agrarian reformdevelopment and agrarian reform..

SECTION 22.SECTION 22. The State The State recognizes and recognizes and promotes the promotes the rights of indigenous cultural rights of indigenous cultural communitiescommunities within the framework within the framework of national unity and development.of national unity and development.

SECTION 23.SECTION 23. The State shall The State shall encourage non-governmental, encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the organizations that promote the welfare of the nationwelfare of the nation..

SECTION 24.SECTION 24. The State recognizes The State recognizes the vital role of the vital role of communication and communication and information in nation-buildinginformation in nation-building..

SECTION 25.SECTION 25. The State shall ensure The State shall ensure the the autonomy of local governments.autonomy of local governments.

SECTION 26.SECTION 26. The State shall The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and for public service, and prohibit political prohibit political dynastiesdynasties as may be defined by law. as may be defined by law.

SECTION 27.SECTION 27. The State shall maintain The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and service and take positive and effective measures against graft and effective measures against graft and corruption.corruption.

SECTION 28.SECTION 28. Subject to reasonable Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest transactions involving public interest