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Manifest Destiny
• “Away, away with all these cobweb tissues of the rights of discovery, exploration, settlement…(The American claim) is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty…” John L. O’Sullivan, 1845
Manifest Destiny—driven by
• A divine mission to extend• Nationalism• Population increase• Rapid economic development• Technological advances• Reform ideals• Northern critics ?
Texas--• 1823-Mexico• (Moses) Stephen Austin• Americans outnumbered
Mexicans• 1834 Santa Anna• 1836 Sam Houston leads
a revolt—declares Texas independent
• After many battles—Battle of San Jacinto-
• Presidents Jackson, Van Buren and Tyler ignore Texas’ request for annexation
• Left it up to Polk
Oregon Country“Fifty-four forty or Fight!”
• Jointly owned by Britain and US
• Compromise in 1846
Mexican American War
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848• Recognize the Rio Grande as the southern border• US take California and New Mexico—the Mexican Cession• US paid $15 m
Prelude to Civil War?
• Wilmot Proviso- Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot proposed a bill to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico—passed twice in the House and defeated in the Senate
• Did the war to acquire territories from Mexico lead inevitably to the American Civil War?
The Civil War
• Historians have identified at least four main causes of the war
1. Northern and Southern views of Slavery2. Federal Union vs. States’ Rights3. Economic differences4. Extremism on both sides• Your task is to decide the relative importance
of these causes
The Missouri Compromise 1820
Second Great Awakening
• “We say to slaveholders—Repeat Now-today-immediately-Such is our doctrine of immediate emancipaton. A doctrine founded on God’s eternal Truth-plain, simple and prefect”
• “Gag Rule”- Passed by Southerners in Congress in 1836. The gag rule tabled all abolitionist petitions in Congress and thereby prevented antislavery discussions.
Emancipator and The Liberator• “ I will be as harsh as truth, and as
uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! I will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch - AND I WILL BE HEARD”
• William Lloyd Garrison
Nat Turner’s Slave RebellionAugust 13, 1831
Runaway Slaves
Compromise of 1850Henry Clay
• Slave trade banned in Washington, D.C• Strict fugitive law passed• California Free state
Poster warning the colored people of Boston to beware of slave catchers
Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852
• “So this is the little lady that started the big war” A.L.
The Kansas Nebraska Act 1854
Bleeding Kansas 1856
Southern Chivalry – “The Crime Against Kansas”
Dred Scott 1857
• African Americans are not citizens--property• Scott remains a slave under Missouri law• Congress cannot ban slavery in any territory• The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
Abraham Lincoln and
Stephen Douglas Debates
John Brown and Harpers Ferry Va. 1859
• “I am quite certain that• crimes of this guilty land• will never be purged away• but with blood”
• •
http://youtu.be/e1OFdpUsO8w
Election of 1860
Fort Sumter