Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Secret agents
Lindsay Judge
December 2016
@resfoundation
Agency workers in the new world of work
2
• Definitions• Scale of agency worker use in the UK
today• The what, where and who of agency
work • Pay and working life • Future research
Beginning of an 18 month investigation into agency work – today will cover…
3
DEFINITIONS
4
What is an agency worker?
Worker
Workplace firm
Agency
5
What is an agency worker?
Worker
Workplace firm
Agency
6
What is an agency worker?
Worker
Workplace firm
Agency
7
Employment rights of agency workers
Employment status NLW/
NMWHoliday pay
No unlawful deduction
Maternity paternity adoption
Sick pay
Unfair dismissal
Non-discrimination
Employee
8
Employment rights of agency workers
Employment status NLW/
NMWHoliday pay
No unlawful deduction
Maternity paternity adoption
Sick pay
Unfair dismissal
Non-discrimination
Employee
Worker May qualify for SMP
May qualify for SSP
9
Employment rights of agency workers
Employment status NLW/
NMWHoliday pay
No unlawful deduction
Maternity paternity adoption
Sick pay
Unfair dismissal
Non-discrimination
Employee
Worker May qualify for SMP
May qualify for SSP
Self-employed
10
Employment rights of agency workers
Employment status NLW/
NMWHoliday pay
No unlawful deduction
Maternity paternity adoption
Sick pay
Unfair dismissal
Non-discrimination
Employee
Worker May qualify for SMP
May qualify for SSP
Self-employed
Agency worker regulations (2010) Equal pay
Equal holiday
pay
Equal holiday allowa
nce
Antenatal
appoint-
mentsAfter 12 weeks continuous service
11
Employment rights of agency workers
Employment status NLW/
NMWHoliday pay
No unlawful deduction
Maternity paternity adoption
Sick pay
Unfair dismissal
Non-discrimination
Employee
Worker May qualify for SMP
May qualify for SSP
Self-employed
Agency worker regulations (2010) Equal pay
Equal holiday
pay
Equal holiday allowa
nce
Antenatal
appoint-
mentsAfter 12 weeks continuous service Or pay-between-assignment contract
12
HOW MANY AGENCY WORKERS ARE THERE IN
THE UK?
13
There are 340,000 temporary agency workers in the UK today
Temporary agency workers: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
14
We uncover a further 440,000 permanent agency workers
Temporary and permanent agency workers: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
15
A mysterious 66,000 agency workers say they are paid by an agency and do not administer their tax/NI
Workers paid by an agency, by tax and NI status: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
16
Putting it all together, we estimate there are 865,000 agency workers in the UK today
All agency workers: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
17
WHAT, WHERE, WHO?
18
Agency workers are found in high- and low-value sectors – and the public sector too
Share of agency workers in industries: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
19
There are some agency worker hotspots – but regional variation is not that stark
Share of agency workers in regions: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
20
Agency work is strongly biased towards lower occupational roles
Share of agency workers in occupational groups: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
21
8 per cent of Black/African/Caribbean workers are agency workers
Share of agency workers in ethnic groups: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
22
1 in 10 of the EU Accession/ Eastern Europe-born workforce is an agency worker
Share of agency workers in occupational groups: UK
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
23
PAY AND CONDITIONS
24
• Agency workers have a raw pay differential of £2.57/hour but…
• … Controlling for personal characteristics and type of jobs of agency workers, the pay penalty reduces to 22p/hour
• Equivalent to £430 a year for a full time worker
Is there a pay penalty attached to agency work?
25
Most agency workers are full-time – with a third of part-timers unable to find a full-time job
Working patterns of agency workers: UK, 2014-2016
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
26
Agency workers have short periods employment but more than 1 in 3 has worked in same role for 2+ years
Length of continuous employment for agency workers: UK 2014-2016
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
27
Temporary work is a second best option for many
Reasons for working temporarily, temporary agency workers only: UK 2013-2016
Source: RF analysis of ONS, Labour Force Survey
28
• We need to know more about agency workers – Who are the permanent group? Self-
employed? – What are their motivations? – How does agency work fit into their
overall working life? • Why do firms use agency workers?
What do agencies offer workers and firms alike?
• Role of policy
The future
Secret agents
Lindsay Judge
December 2016
@resfoundation
Agency workers in the new world of work
