Upload
gemzaib
View
223
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1st Kashmir War22nd Oct. 1947 – 1st Jan. 1949
The Origins of
Foreign PolicyCornerstone..
A Presentation By;JahanZeb AhmedRoll No. 457
The Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir
Strategically located to the North of British India
between Tibet, China, The USSR and Afghanistan
Kashmir was termed asPakistan’s Jugular Veinby The Quaid-e-Azam
As it containedthe headwaters of
Pakistan’s major rivers.Kashmir’s Muslim
majority populationwanted to join Pakistan
but the Hindu Maharaja had different designs.
Due to Hari Singh’s delaying tactics, tensions ran high..Gilgit Scouts and Azad Forced launched the Liberation War.Pathan tribes from Pakistan especially the Mehsuds, the Afridisand the Mohmands entered Kashmir to help their Muslim brethren.
State Actors
Pakistan Azad Forces Gilgit Scouts Pathan Militias
IndiaState of Jammu & KashmirBritish Indian ArmyGreat Britain
The Kashmir Conflict displays a persistent, fundamental and long term incapability of goals between the two states.
Ideological DifferencesJinnah argued that Kashmir was an integral part of Pakistan’s Muslim identity and would
remain incomplete without it.
Nehru believed that losing Kashmir would undermine India’s secular
identity.
Pakistan,a bifurcation of
Elite Model
Jinnah's strategy to liberate Kashmirwas using the military forces and thusto "kill two birds with one stone“ namely decapitate India by controlling Kashmir, and to find a domestic solution through aggressive foreign policy and military intervention.
Liaquet Ali Khan’s disagreement with Jinnah arise over Kashmir issue as he preferred a "harder diplomatic" and "less military stance". The prime minister sought a dialogue with his counterpart Pundit Nehru, and agreed to resolve the dispute of Kashmir in a peaceful manner through the efforts of the United Nations.
Pro-Pakistan Offensives
India gains an upper hand
India’sBounded Rationality
Click icon to add pictureNehru and his comradesfelt that they had gained
enough in Kashmir through military operations
and could now bully Pakistan on ground and
through applying diplomatic pressure in the
United Nations.Liaquet Ali Khan's
acceptance of diplomatic stance was met with
hostility by the Pakistan Armed Forces notably by
the mid-higher level command who would later
sponsor an alleged coup against his government.
1st Jan, 1949 - UN Enforcesa Cease Fire
Click icon to add pictureNehru took the Kashmir Issueto the UN and argued that
India was the aggrieved party.He claimed that Hari Singh’s accession was legal and thatthe only matter for discussion
was how to get Pakistan to vacate the raiders Jinnah had sent in.
Pakistani delegates madethe UN to take a broader,
more humanitarian view ofthe problem than merelya land dispute and gota plebiscite prescribed.Till that time there were
two parties to the dispute,India and Pakistan. The Security
Council’s Resolution 38added a third party, the people of Jammu and Kashmir specifically and the wider world generally.
It was decided that a free and impartial plebiscite would be held under the supervision of the UN..
Based on Hensel’s evolutionary concept, a first confrontation ending in a stalemate and dissatisfaction among both is likely to increase distrust and hostility.
LOC, the Line of Actual Control
Aftermath..
Your Questions and QueriesAre Welcome!!!
Thank You!!!