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RECORDS SECURITY AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
TOPIC III : REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN
TANZANIA
RM 628
Abdon Kanuti
Introduction
Legal and Regulatory Framework refers to the existence of necessary infrastructure which supports the control, direction or implementation of a proposed or adopted course of action, rules, principle or law.
It is a compilation of all of the legislation, policy, regulations, procedures, guidelines and agreements with which the public body must demonstrate compliance
The aim is to reduce, remove, prevent or respond to potential national threats of disasters.
Introduction Cont…
An effective legal framework should be flexible to accommodate new structures, systems and information needs.
Legal and regulatory framework on disaster mgt is typically intended to specify the reporting chain, powers and duties, preparatory requirements and facilities, coordination activities and all issues associated with the cycle of disaster mgt
Cont…
Government of Tanzania has developed and
established disaster management
structures and system as part of overall
process by creating policy, plans,
legislation, training and management
support all aimed at empowering the
individuals and communities who are
prone to the threats of disasters.
Cont…
As it was observed in the previous seminars, Tanzania is vulnerable to both natural and man-made hazards which have the potential of disrupting communities causing loss of life and damage to property, infrastructure and records.
The frequency, complexity and severity of disasters in the country are on the rise and this is further aggravated by climate change, unplanned urbanization, poverty as well as the threat of pandemics.
Cont…
Weak coordination mechanisms during
emergency response and inadequate
preparedness measures at all levels have
been the major challenge in the country
Summary
Existing legal and regulatory frameworks
governing disaster management in Tanzania
includes;
Disaster Relief Coordination Act, 1990
Disaster Relief Coordination Regulations, 1991
The National Disaster Management Policy, 2004
National Operational Guidelines (NOG) for
Disaster Management (2003)
Overview of Regulatory
Framework in Tanzania Disaster mgt framework in Tanzania (TZ) started
back in 1982 (Mamuya, 2010) 1982 the Government established an ad hoc unit
to deal with disasters (TANDRO) in PMO In 1987 the Government established Disaster
Relief Coordinating Unit under Parliamentary & Political Affairs Department
In 1990, Disaster Relief Coordination Act was
enacted and established committees (TANDREC) at national level down to the District level
Cont….
Tanzania Disaster Relief Committee (TANDREC) exist as inter ministerial committee for overseeing and coordinating overall disasters and relief operations at national level established by Act, No. 9 of 1990.
Functions of TANDREC includes;
Overseeing and coordinating activities designed to secure effective prevention of disasters,
Overseeing preparedness and operation of affairs in the event of a disaster,
Guiding, directing, approving and controlling activities of the Disaster Management Department as well as activities of the sub-Committees
Cont…
It is the supreme body on emergency and
disaster management at the national level, and
the Permanent Secretary in the PMO
chairs the committee and DMD is the
secretariat.
Members of the committee are permanent
secretaries from government ministries and
heads of early warning institutions.
Cont…
Tanzania has different Early Warning Systems to monitor various hazards. The early warning institutions within the government system include;
a) Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA) –under Ministry of Energy and Minerals
b) Emergency Preparedness and Response Unit (EPRU) –Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
c) Plant Protection Unit and Food Security
Department –Under Ministry of
Agriculture
d) National Environment Management
Council (NEMC)
Cont…
The Disaster Relief Act No. 9 of 1990 is
considered as a standing legislation; to oversee
and coordinate overall relief operations at
national level.
The legislation aims at providing a legal
structure to govern and regulate disaster mgt
in Tanzania.
Cont…
The government through the Act of 1990, established the Disaster Mgt Department (DMD)in the same year. This is to ensure proper coordination of disaster mgt activities in the country. In Zanzibar, the DMD was only established in 2006.
The departments now seek to ensure that in times of disaster appropriate response systems, procedures and resources are in place to assist and support effected individuals and organizations.
Cont…
Therefore DMD under the Office of the Prime Minister, is the governmental coordinating authority for all aspects of disaster management in mainland Tanzania.
It functions as the central coordinating body during the response to disasters, promotes and implements prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities to minimize the adverse effects of hazards.
Cont…
NB: In Zanzibar, the Disaster Management
Department (DMD) follows under the office of
2nd Vice President
The department is also charged with the
responsibility of;
Coordinating disaster preparedness efforts and
activities in order to minimize the adverse effects of
hazards, through effective precautionary measures
And ensure timely, appropriate and efficient
organization and delivery of emergency response
Cont…
Disaster Management Department (DMD) works with the disaster management committees at regional and district levels. The Regional Commissioners and District Commissioners head the committees respectively.
Meanwhile, the Regional Administrative Secretaries and the District Executive Directors are secretaries to the respective committees.
Cont…
The DMD established the National Platform
(NP) for Disaster Risk Reduction in 2005.
The National Platform works basically to
smooth the implementation of Hyogo
Framework for Action
Cont...
The Platform composes members
from:
Government Ministries, Departments and
Agencies (MDAs) and LGAs
UN Agencies, International and National
Devt Partners, Academicians, Private
Sector, Religious (Faith Groups) etc.
Hyogo Framework for Action
The World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Hyogo, Japan, in January 2005 ( at which Tanzania participated) adopted five priorities for action (subsequently referred to as Hyogo Framework for Action)
These priorities were developed from an acknowledgment that the most appropriate way to reduce disaster risk was to integrate the various efforts “systematically into policies, plans and programmes for sustainable devt and poverty reduction” supported at all levels and all partners
Hyogo Cont…
The five areas identified were the following;
1) Governance (organizational, legal and policy framework)
2) Risk identification, assessment, monitoring and early warning
3) Knowledge mgt and education
4) Reducing underlying risk factors
5) Preparedness for effective response and recovery
Cont…
Government developed and established disaster management structures and system as part of overall process by creating policy, plans, legislation, training and management support all aimed at empowering the individuals and communities who are prone to the threats of disasters.
Tanzania has developed a National Disaster Management policy (2004) which describes roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders (Armed Forces, Private Sector, Fire and Rescue Agencies, International Agencies, the media, local community etc)
Cont…
The policy and the National Operational Guidelines (NOG) for Disaster Management (2003), sets the policy framework, which aims to develop adequate capacity for coordination and cooperation for comprehensive disaster mgt among key players at all levels.
Other objectives are to promote research, information generation and dissemination as well as mainstreaming disaster mgt issues into development plans and other sector policies and programmes at all levels.
Cont…
Other legislations that have emphasis in disaster mgt include the “Environmental Management Act, 2004” which prepares guidelines for possible environmental emergencies like climate change that may result into disasters.
Others are: National Human Settlement Development Act , 2000
Cont…
NB:
The Disaster Relief Act No. 9 of 1990
requires amendment that would reflect the
requirements of the National Disaster
Management Policy.
Cont...
All the instituted policies and legislations
does not address records and archival
materials as special govt assets potential
to disasters. This creates a gap on proper
treatment of records in the event of
disasters. In most govt agencies, records
are not accorded first priority for
recovery processes when responding to
disaster strikes
Challenges facing Disaster Mgt in
Tanzania
1) Government resources are not available in
amounts sufficient enough to allow for
consistency and continuity of development of
long-term preparedness measures. Funding
and resources provided by donor community
are bound to specific activities and time
(project based). Once projects are finished
the resources are no longer available.
Cont…
3) Risk assessment results are not fully utilized
for intervention and planning purpose due to
inadequate financial resources and low
priority accorded to disaster management by
senior policy makers.
4) Lack of awareness and information among
the disaster risk management stakeholders
and general public.
5) Absence of strong Disaster Mgt Committees
at the Local Government Authorities
Cont…
6) No consolidated database or website for
data and information sharing
7) Lack of enough skilled manpower,
equipments and technology
8) Despite the existence of Disaster
Management Policy of 2004, lack of
Disaster Management Act remains the
challenge to committees on
implementing the targeted activities.
The Way Forward
a) Recognizing public records as vital assets in
disaster mgt frameworks and providing
special treatment on recovery process
b) Public awareness and the role of media
should be emphasized in all stages of
disaster management.
c) Preparatory activities should be adequately
budgeted to empower disaster committees
on implementation for future plan.
Cont…
d) Strengthen disaster management committees
at all levels through training
e) Developing centralized communication
procedures and protocols to hand all forms
of disasters.
f) Strengthen sectoral emergency units
g) Mainstreaming disaster mgt issues into
development plans and other sectoral
policies and programmes