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NEXT ORGANIZATION3
INSTITUTIONS SYSTEMS OF …
ROUTINES ROLES RULES RITUALS REIFICATIONS
FUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONS …
ERSATZINSTINCTS (MENTAL) HEALTH GUIDANCE PROTECTION COHESION MEMORY
INSTITUTION AND EVOLUTION
STABILIZATION
VARIATION
SELECTION
DYSFUNCTIONS OF INSTITUTIONS …
INSTINCTS? SELF-PROTECTION? HIERARCHIE? ROLE-FLEXIBILITY? OUTSIDERS? REIFICATION? CHANGE?
DYSFUNCTION AND ALTERNATIVE A) FUNCTION: BOTH/AND B) DYS-: EITHER/OR
PREVIEW | ORGANIZATION AS SYSTEMS OF DECISION
KEYWORDS 1EXIT OPTION 2MEMBERSHIP
SOCIETY
DEATH OR
SOCIETY
BARBARISM OR
SOCIETY
HELL OR
INSTITUTIONALIZED SOCIETIES
LOVE | CHOICE OR MAGIC?
LOVE | FIRST CHOICE, THEN INSTITUTION?
INSTITUTIONALIZED SOCIETIES
INSTITUTION INSTITUTION
ORGANIZATION
OBSERVATION
“WE TAKE AS GIVEN THE IDEA OF DISTINCTION
AND THE IDEA OF INDICATION, AND THAT WE CANNOT MAKE AN INDICATION WITHOUT
DRAWING A DISTINCTION. WE TAKE, THEREFORE, THE
FORM OF DISTINCTION FOR THE FORM” (SPENCER
BROWN, 1979, P. 1)
DYS-/FUNCTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN CRITICIZING AN INSTITUTION, WE IMPLICITLY DISTINGUISH THIS INSTITUTION FROM ONE OR MORE ALTERNATIVE INSITUTIONS, THUS NECESSARILY OBSERVING INSTITUTION THROUGH THE LENS OF ORGANIZATION. SUCH CRITICISM INEVITABLY CULMINATES IN THE OBSERVATION THAT THE CONCERNED INSTITUTION IS WELL OR MISORGANIZED.
DYS-/FUNCTIONAL INSTITUTIONS THE OBSERVATION OF MISORGANIZED INSTITUTIONS IS PARTICULARY AMUSING IF THE OBSERVED MISORGANIZATION IS ATTRIBUTED TO PARTICULARLY SUCCESSFUL INSTITUTIONS.
TOTAL INSTITUTION “A TOTAL INSTITUTION MAY BE DEFINED AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND WORK WHERE A LARGE NUMBER OF LIKE-SITUATED INDIVIDUALS, CUT OFF FROM THE WIDER SOCIETY FOR AN APPRECIABLE PERIOD OF TIME, TOGETHER LEAD AN ENCLOSED, FORMALLY ADMINISTERED ROUND OF LIFE. PRISONS SERVE AS CLEAR EXAMPLE” (GOFFMAN 1968)
ARE PRISONERS
MEMBERS OF THEIR PRISON?
NON-MEMBERS WHO’S LIFE IS HIGHLY ORGANIZED* BY A TOTAL INSITUTION? *“PUNISHMENTS AND PRIVILEGES ARE THEMSELVES MODES OF ORGANIZATION PECULIAR TO TOTAL INSTITUTIONS” (GOFFMAN 1961)
FURTHER EXAMPLES OF TOTAL INSITUTIONS
TYPOLOGY OF TOTAL INSITUTIONS AS PER INMATES (GOFFMAN 1968)
A DANGEROUS (PRISON, CONCENTRATION CAMP) B ILL (LEPROSARIUM, MENTAL HOSPITAL) C VULNERABLE (ORPHANAGE, POOR HOUSE) D WORKFORCE (SHIP, BARRACK, FACTORY) E ASKETES (CONVENT, MONESTRY)
ORIGINS HABITUALIZATION HYGENE
Q IS HYGENE POSITIVE?
Q HOW ABOUT
THESE FORMS OF HYGENE?
Q -30%
40 DAYS LATER
ROOTS BLOODY ROOTS
XENOPHOBIA AS HYGENE! SEHDEV (2002) THE ORIGIN OF QUARANTINE
NEW CONTAINMENT PLAN ENDLESS QUARANTAINE!
BY THE 17TH CENTURY, LEPROSY WAS ELIMINATED IN EUROPE. [READ: 1000s OF ABANDONED INSTITUTIONS WITH NOBODY TO PUT IN] IN 1656, KING LOUIS XIV, RE-BUILD THE LARGEST FORMER LEPER HOME (RE-NAMED: L’HÔPITAL GÉNÉRAL) AND FILLED IT WITH 4,000 PARISIAN CRIMINALS, ALCOHOLICS AND GAMBLERS, AND MENTALLY ILL.
THE BIRTH OF THE CLINIC MICHEL FOUCAULT MADNESS AND CIVILIZATION MADNESS AND INSANITY THE ORDER OF THINGS DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH
THE ORDER OF THINGS
HOMELESSNESS AS CRIME
THE NEW ORDER OF THINGS THOSE WHO DO NOT LIKE TO BE OBSERVED ARE KEPT UNDER OBSERVATION
FACE MODERNITY THOSE WHO DO NOT LIKE TO BE OBSERVED ARE KEPT UNDER OBSERVATION
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE CLINIC
THE BIRTH OF THE PRISON MICHEL FOUCAULT DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH
ORPHANAGE SCHOOL …
2ND ORDER HYGIENE DIRTY INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND ORDER HYGIENE CLEANING UP THE INSTITUTIONS
2ND
ORD
ER HYG
IENE
PAN
OPTIC
ISM
2ND
ORD
ER HYG
IENE
PAN
OPTIC
ISM
FILTH FEAR OVERLOAD OVERDOSE
STRESS
PANOPTIC SELF
OBSERVATION THE CLINICAL
SOCIETY
FILTH FEAR OVERLOAD OVERDOSE
STRESS
PANOPTIC SELF
OBSERVATION THE CLINICAL
SOCIETY
ARE WE ALL
SINNERS PATIENTS SUSPECTS CRIMINALS PSYCHOTICS CHAOTICS? OR WHY DO THESE CLINICAL TOOLS SELF- APPLY?
THE CLINICAL BIAS A HISTORY OF ILL BODYS JUDGEMENTS FROM ABOVE ILL MINDS LOST SOULS ILL RELATIONSHIPS FALLEN ANGELS BAD NEWS ARE GOOD NEWS!
GATED COMMUNITIES ARE WE OUR OWN PRISONERS? DO WE NEED SELF/PROTECTION BY SELF/OBSERVATION … … AGAINST OURSELVES?
OR AT LEAST NEUROTICS? SELF-OBSERVATION IN SUBURBIAAM I HAPPY?
QUESTION
WHO MAKES A GOOD PATIENT
?
ANSWER EXPERTS
DSM-V
… ALWAYS MIND THE GROWTH CURVE!
ANSWER INSTITUIONS LANGUAGE ALMOST NOBODY SUFFERED FROM
BURNOUT DEPRESSION HYSTERIA JUST
15 100 150
YEARS AGO
THE PEOPLE THEMSELVES (SZASZ 1974) “THOSE WHO SUFFER AND COMPLAIN ABOUT THEMSELVES ARE USUALLY CLASSIFIED AS “NEUROTIC”. THOSE WHOSE BEHAVIOR MAKES OTHERS SUFFER, AND ABOUT WHOM OTHERS COMPLAIN, ARE USUALLY CLASSIFIED AS “PSYCHOTIC”.
ANSWER INSTITUIONS ROLES BLOODY ROLES
AS WE ARE ALL
SINNERS PATIENTS SUSPECTS CRIMINALS NEUROTICS CHAOTICS … SO TOO ARE OUR
INSTITUTIONS
WHAT WE WANT USEFUL INSTITUTIONS
WHAT WE WANT STABELIZED EXPECTATIONS ON NATURE AND SOCIETY
WYSIWYG TOTAL LOCK-IN TOTALITARIANISM SURVEILLENCE SOCIETY ARE WE MEMBERS OR COMRADES IN MISERY IN SUCH A SOCIETY?
TODAY! MARKET „THIS INSTITUTIONAL GADGET, WHICH BECAME THE DOMINANT FORCE IN THE ECONOMY – NOW JUSTLY DESCRIBED AS A MARKET ECONOMY – THEN GAVE RISE TO YET ANOTHER, EVEN MORE EXTREME DEVELOPMENT, NAMELY AS A WHOLE SOCIETY EMBEDDED IN THE MECHANISM OF ITS OWN ECONOMY – A MARKET SOCIETY“ (POLANYI AND PEARSON 1977)
MARKET A BRIEF HISTORY
MARKET AGAIN NON-MEMBERS WHOSE LIFE IS HIGHLY ORGANIZED BY A TOTAL INSTITUTION?
TOTAL INSTITUTION HOW DO WE GET OUT OF HERE?
TWO WAYS
A EMBEDDEDNESS B ORGANIZATION
1. GOFFMAN, E. (1961). ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TOTAL INSTITUTIONS. IN SYMPOSIUM ON PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY (PP. 43-84).
2. GOFFMAN, E. (1968). ASYLUMS: ESSAYS ON THE SOCIAL SITUATION OF MENTAL PATIENTS AND OTHER INMATES. ALDINETRANSACTION.
3. PEARSON, H. W. (1977). THE LIVELIHOOD OF MAN. NEW YORK: ACADEMIC PRESS.
4. SZASZ, T.S. (1974) THE MYTH OF MENTAL ILLNESS, NEW YORK. 5. SEHDEV, P.S. (2002). "THE ORIGIN OF QUARANTINE". CLINICAL
INFECTIOUS DISEASES 35 (9): 1071–1072
REFERENCES