a) Leadership:(usually we are addressing leadership in the context of a Formal Organization)

1.Creating vision and strategy

2.Communicating & setting direction

3.Motivating action

4.Aligning people to the tasks,

5.Creating systems that manages can operate, and transforming them when necessary to allow for growth, evolution, opportunity and hazard avoidance.

The processes of coping with complexity, Comprised of practices and procedures that

respond to changes in business environment and the times,

Planning and budgeting, Organizing and staffing, Controlling and operational problem solving, Capabilities for responding to complexity of

systems and people, technology and making them run efficiently day-to-day,

It is a set of activities focused on: human, financial, physical and information resources of an organization for achieving its goals in an efficient and effective manner, (Griffin, 1999).

It is the coordination of human, material, technological, and financial resources needed for an organization to achieve its goals, (Hess & Siciliano, 1996)

It is the process of getting things done through the efforts of others, (Mundy & Premeaux, 1995)

In search of balance; often one is lacking in an organization.

Management without leadership implies that an organization will be unable to deal with change

Leadership without management implies that the organization is only as strong, as progressive and as stable as its charismatic leader,

Many organizations are over-staffed with managers but lack leadership to help them deal with constant change in their operating environment and plan for succession.

Compliance Private Acceptance

ManagementOrganizational

Leadership Organizational

GOALS

GOALs

Management activities(efficient & effective

utilization of)

Financial resources

Human resources

information Physical resources

Management(coordination for the attainment of goals)

Management is a process of 1. Designing2. Maintaining

An environment where individuals and groups work together for efficient accomplishment of identified aims.

‘efficiency’ without ‘effectiveness’ can be misleading. ‘designing’ and ‘maintaining’ are complex processes that may require operationalizing

Planning(Seeing the

organization goals and deciding how best to achieve

them)

Controlling(Monitoring &

correcting activities to facilitate goal

attainment)

Motivating(Motivating staff

to work in the best interest of the organization

–managing & leading)

Organizing(Determining how

best to group activities and

resources, includes staffing)

Leadership (imbued with personality flare to influence)

Process used by a leader to achieve goals, and the clearly understood vision

Influences the organizational culture

Allocates resources, directs through policy and directives,

Builds consensus within a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous global environment – marked by opportunities and threats, (Magee, 1999)

Management Taught in business schools Comprises of a set of

managerial decisions and actions,

Determines the long run performance of an organization, including:◦ A vision statement◦ An environmental scan of

external factors vs organizational strengths and weaknesses

◦ Tactical operational plans,◦ Monitoring system (timely

information)

Both need to scan their external environment and audit internal environment for strengths and weaknesses, and sustain the motivation of employees.

The future of the organization is tied to the management’s ability to direct, or, to the leader’s capacity to ‘influence’ the ‘expectation’ of both the organization and workers,

The way a leader guides and acts in an organization must be institutionalized for consistency in the processes of decision making.

A strategic manager will find viable direction for the future and establish systems that will get the employees compliance with the requisite plans and policies & procedures.

UU

U

U

U=organization environment.

X