HUMAN AND

INDUSTRIAL RELATION

HUMAN RELATION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

The study of relation between human beings is called human relation.

Good human relations should be maintained at all levels in the society.

Good relations are necessary among the different groups in the society.

PERFORMANCE OF HUMAN RELATION IN ORGANISATION

Good relations can be translated into money and good human relation is not an end but means.

To maintain harmony, cordiality and goal achieving unity, knowledge of human relations are vital.

The cardinal point for these solutions of these problems lies in understanding human relations.

cont…

PERFORMANCE OF GOOD HUMAN RELATION IN INDUSTRY AMOUNTS TO FOLLOWING RESULTS:-

1. Industrial disputes are reduced. Works committees can settle the issues in time before these take difficult situation.

2. It gives mental satisfaction to the employees. A satisfied employee is always poised for more production.

3. Reduces the burden of the management. Management free from industrial disputes can devote more time towards expanding the project.

cont...

4. Better quality products are manufactured.

5. Industry does not loss the customers, because of untimely delivery of goods and services.

6. Human and plants resources utilized to the maximum capacity for a satisfied man will not permit a machine to be idle.

cont…

7. The cost of production decreases. Management can easily complete in the market with higher margin of profit.

8. Accidents are reduced. Satisfied workers are less susceptible to accidents then frustrated workers.

9. There is less resistance to change. A worker having confidence in the management adopts himself easily and quickly.

10. The employees can be motivated with less effort.

BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE

UNDERSTAND SELF AND OTHERS FOR EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR

INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR

Following are the main features of individual behaviour:-

(a) Performance of an individual is affected by his own characteristics, like brain, qualifications, abilities, motivation, nature etc.

(b) Every individual has a unique behaviour.(c) Individuals collect and form groups within

which they live.(d) Individuals differ and paid at different rates,

assigned different jobs. cont…

(e) Differences in individual can be classified as individual variables and situational variables. These affect the individuals behaviour and have major role in influencing the performance of an employee.

(i) Individual Variables Physical characteristics Intellectual factors Temperament Character cont…

Experience

Age & Sex

Aptitude

Personality

cont…

(ii) Situational Variables :

Physical environment Workplace and its layout Design and condition of work equipment Method of work Organistional set up Kind and style of supervision Types of incentives Social environment

GROUP BEHAVIOUR

A group is any number of people who:

(a) have a common purpose or objective,(b) interact with each other to accomplish their

objectives,(c) are aware of one another,(d) perceive themselves to be part of the group

cont…

An organisation has formal and informal groups. Formal groups are formed from functional requirements , while informal groups are formed by employees themselves due to social and security needs, common interests and other psychological factors.

An employee behave differently in a group. Group influences the attitude and behaviour of an individual.

cont…

Each group has its own culture pattern, and an individual for stay in this group must conform to this culture, if he has to remain in group.

Group behaviour may be beneficial as well as detrimental for the organisation and management depending upon the attitude of the group.

Groups also differ in their degree of cohesiveness.

A group is formed on the basis of the attraction of persons towards each other as they have similar attitudes towards common objects or goals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BEHAVIOUR

(a) In order to fulfill their social need, people form small groups on the job itself and they behave as members of the group.

(b) There is a significant change in the behaviour of a person who was acting as an individual when allowed to act as a member of some group.

(c) Groups generally exercise stronger control over their members than the management on those employees.

cont…

(d) People interact face to face in small groups and are constantly in touch with each other and effectively contribute here ideas to accomplish a task.

(e) The group creates leder who can coordinate group effort effectively towards the achivement of their objectives.

(f) These groups may produce good or bad effects in the organisation.

BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES

To create and maintain good human relations at any workplace, the following measures are generally suggested by management experts. They are:

(a) Create a congenial work atmosphere and pleasant surroundings, arrange for better job facilities by having better tools and appliances and faultless raw materials.

cont…

(b) Provide better oportunities and prospects for personal advancement through promotion and growth in abilities through training and development programmes.

(c) Delegate enough authority along with responsibility, and allow complete and active independence to employees.

(d) Give an opportunity to employees to realise their needs for status, position, prestige for directing or ordering others.

(e) Give personal attention to the problems of your subordinates whether they arise out of the job or of a personal nature.

cont…

(f) Establish implement and utilise a proper mechanism for the speedy removal of the grievances, complaints and dissatisfaction of employees.

(g) Have a well planned communication system so that any change s in the organisation may be known to employees.

(h) Develop and encourage democratic work atmosphere. Get the work done by consultation, suggestion and participation, rather than by autocratic, dictatorship forceful manner.

cont…

(I)Develop a positive attitude towards life and believe that your subordinates workers can take up responsibility.

(j) Create a style of functioning by setting examples by your own action. Action is far more important than words.

RELATIONS WITH SUBORDINATES, PEERS AND SUPERIORS

1. With Management To transmit management policies to workers. To accept full responsibility for all the work in

his department. To transmit worker’s feeling to management. To keep management informed of the work

progress.

cont…

To get the required production out in time.

To make plans and devise methods to boost productive efficiency and product quality.

Devise ways to minimize waste and scrap.

To keep records for future action. To render reports to management as

desired.

WITH WORKERS To listen patiently the workers, their

suggestional and complaints. To maintain discipline. To develop a sense of belonging in the workers. To maintain neat, clean and safe working

conditions. To represent workers to management. To promote and transfer workers in an impartial

manner. To train the workers on job.

WITH FELLOW SUPERVISORS To cooperate with them in making company

policies a success. To give respect to suggestions of fellow

supervisors. To coordinate work with other departments. Passing any information pertaining to other

associates, to them. Sitting together with other colleagues to solve

common problems. To avoid the creation of ill-feeling among fellow

supervisors

MOB PSYCHOLOGY

The words crowd and mob may look similar. But

in essence and characteristics both the terms are quite different. Crowd is a large number assembled in one place. Number is an essential feature of a crowd, but to decide the minimum is difficult.

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

An Industrial Dispute means any dispute or difference between employees and employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen which is connected with employment or non-employment or terms of employment or condition of labour of any person.

AGITATION

In the event of any grievances towards employer, at times the workers feel so anxious, nervous or upset that they cannot think calmly. This is the stage of agitation.

STRIKES

Whenever workers feels any grievance and if the same is not removed by the management, the workers unity together to fight it out and this causes industrial unrest, conflict and dispute.

The industrial dispute generally results in Strikes.

LOCKOUT

It is the weapon of employer to pressurize workers to come down in their demands. A lockout means closing the place of employment or suspension of work or the refusal by an employer to employ any number of persons employed by him.

PICKETING

In picketing workers may parade with banners to inform public about the dispute with the employer and to enlist popular support for the workers or unions.

Some workers are placed at the factory gate to discourage others from entering the work premises.

GHERAO

It is a method to pressurize employer to fulfill union demand.

In gherao workers force the employer or managers to remain confined in their offices for hours or even days.

Workers encircle the office of the employer, close all exits and sit around in batches.

TRADE UNIONISM

A trade union is a combination of workmen and employers for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business and includes any federation of two or more unions it is called trade union or trade unionism.

GRIEVANCE

A Grievance may be defined as any feeling of discontent or dissatisfaction, whether expressed or not and whether valid or not arising connected with the company that an employee thinks, believes or even feels is unfair, unjust or inequitable.

HANDLING OF GRIEVANCE

A good grievance handling procedure should:

(i) Be simple, easy to understand and to operate.

(ii) settle grievance at lower level.(iii) depending upon the nature of

grievance, refer it to appropriate authority.

LABOUR WELFARE

It is defined as “such services, facilities and amenities as adequate canteens, rest and recreation facilities, arrangement of travel to and form work, and for the accommodation of workers employed at a distance from their houses and such other services, amenities and facilities which contribute to improve the conditions under which workers are employed.”

WORKER’S PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

Concept

Worker’s participation in management can be in any shape, from establishing work-committee to auto-management by the employees.

The aim of management is to get work through others.

NECESSITY OF PARTICIPATION

The necessity of permitting workers to participate in management can be:

(i)To achieve industrial peace and harmony.

(ii)To develop internal motivation in workers.

cont…

(iii) To boost the moral of employees.

(iv)To reduce labour turnover, absenteeism and tardiness.

(v)To mane managing the subordinates easy.

THE END