View
19
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 11
TB34AK
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 22
ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 33
TO IDENTIFY
• You see a INF SQD I/O
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 44
KN PT 1DIR 0021DIS 2100ALT 500
DIR ????DIS 2500ALT 535
INF SQD I/O
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
3
21
67
OP ALT 590
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 55
SEQUENCE OF SUBSEQUENT CORRECTIONS
OBSERVER-TARGET DIRECTIONDANGER CLOSETRAJECTORYMETHOD OF FIREDISTRIBUTIONPROJECTILEFUZE VOLUMEDEVIATION CORRECTIONRANGE CORRECTIONHEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONTARGET DESCRIPTIONMISSION TYPE AND/OR METHOD OF CONTROLSPLASHREPEAT
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 66
SPOTTINGSA spotting is the observer’s determination of the location of the burst with respect to the adjusting point as observed along the OT line.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 77
SPOTTINGSSpottings must be made by the observer the
instant the bursts occur.
•Observers will make spottings for deviation, range, and height of burst.
• The observer should consider the most difficult spottings first. The sequence of
spottings is HOB (air or graze), range (over or short), and deviation (left or right).
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 88
SEQUENCE OF SPOTTINGS AND CORRECTIONS
SPOTTINGHEIGHT OF BURST (1m)
RANGE
DEVIATION (5m)
CORRECTIONDEVIATION (10M)
RANGE
HEIGHT OF BURST (5M)
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 99
RANGE
Range spotting is where the observer determines whether the burst occurred beyond the target or short of the target.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1010
RANGE SPOTTING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1111
RANGE SPOTTINGS
A round that impacts at thecorrect range
RANGE CORRECT
A round that impacts on the target. This spotting is used only precision fire (registration or destruction missions)
TARGET
A round that impacts between the observerand the adjusting point
SHORT
A round that impacts beyond the adjusting point
OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1212
RANGE SPOTTINGS
A round not observed but known to have impacted over or short
UNOBSERVED OVER or SHORT
A round not observed but known to have impacted, usually heard
UNOBSERVED
A round whose location cannot be determinedby sight or sound
LOST
A round that can be observed but cannot be spotted as OVER or SHORT
DOUBTFUL
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1313
RANGE SPOTTINGS
Definite range spottings are required to make a proper range adjustment.
Any range spotting other than DOUBTFUL, LOST, or UNOBSERVED is definite. Normally, a round which
impacts on or near the OT line results in a definite range spotting.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1414
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1515
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1616
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1717
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1818
RANGE SPOTTINGS
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 1919
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2020
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2121
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2222
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2323
LOST SPOTTINGSDud (nonfunctioning fuze)
Terrain
Enemy fire
FO failed to spot the round
Errors by the FDC or the firing piece
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2424
SEQUENCE OF SPOTTINGS AND CORRECTIONS
SPOTTINGHEIGHT OF BURST (1m)
RANGE
DEVIATION (5m)
CORRECTIONDEVIATION (10M)
RANGE
HEIGHT OF BURST (5M)
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2525
DEVIATION
A deviation spotting is the angular measurement from the adjusting point to the burst as seen from the observer's position. During a fire mission, the observer measures the deviation, in mils, with his binoculars (or another angle-measuring instrument). Deviation spottings are measured to the nearest 5 mils for area fires and 1 mil for precision fires.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2626
DEVIATION SPOTTING
Deviation spottings are taken from the center of a single burst or, in the case of platoon or battery fire, from the center of the group of bursts. Deviation spottings should be made as accurately as possible to help in obtaining definite range spottings.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2727
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
O-T LINE
LINE (LN)
RIGHT (R)
LEFT (L)
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2828
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 2929
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3030
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3131
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3232
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEVIATION SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3333
SPOTTING/CORRECTION
DEVIATION RANGE H.O.B.
H.O.BRANGE
DEVIATIONSPOTTINGS MADE IN MILS
CORRECTIONS MADE IN METERS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3434
Deviation CorrectionsThe distance in meters that the burst is to be moved (right or left). It is determined by multiplying the observer’s deviation spotting in mils by the OT factor, then expressed to the nearest 10 meters. Corrections of less than 30 meters are considered as minor deviation corrections and should not be sent to the FDC except if conducting a destruction mission or as refinement data when ending an area fire mission.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3535
CORRECTIONS
DETERMINING THE OT FACTORAn important element in making proper corrections is determining the OT factor. In determining the OT factor, the observer will express the observer target distance to the nearest thousands.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3636
OT FACTOROT Distance = 2300
OT Distance Expressed tonearest thousand =2000
OT Factor = 2
Divide by 1000=OT factor of 2
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3737
OT FACTOROT Distance = 4500
OT Distance Expressed tonearest thousand =4000
OT Factor = 4Divide by 1000=OT factor of 4
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3838
OT FACTOR
OT Distance = 700
OT Factor = .7
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 3939
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
Deviation Corrections
OT DISTANCE 3400
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4040
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
Deviation Corrections
OT DISTANCE 3400
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4141
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
Deviation Corrections
OT DISTANCE 2300
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4242
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
Deviation Corrections
OT DISTANCE 1800
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4343
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
Deviation Corrections
OT DISTANCE 1400
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4444
RANGE CORRECTIONWhen making a range correction the observer attempts to “add" or “drop” the adjusting round. If his spotting
was SHORT, he will add; if his spotting was OVER, he will drop. When
conducting an adjustment onto a target, the observer may choose to
establish a range bracket
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4545
RANGE CORRECTIONHASTY BRACKETING
Hasty bracketing is best when fires are required and the observer is
experienced in the adjustment of fire. Success at hasty bracketing adjustment
requires the observer to conduct a thorough terrain analysis that gives the observer an accurate target location.
(An accurate target location would be within 250 meters of the target).
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4646
ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4747
ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES
DROP 200, OVER.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4848
ADJUSTMENT OF FIRE FIRES
ADD 100 FFE, OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 4949
ONE ROUND ADJUST
The observer spots the location of the first round, calculates and transmits to the FDC the corrections necessary to move the burst of the round to the adjusting point, and fires for effect. This technique requires either an experienced observer or one with accurate distance-measuring equipment such as a laser range finder. All missions conducted by using a G/VLLD should be FFE or one-round adjustments.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5050
LEFT 60DROP 200 FFE, OVER
ONE ROUND ADJUST
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5151
ONE ROUND ADJUST
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5252
CREEPING FIRE
Creeping fire is used mainly in danger close missions. The observer should make range
changes by creeping the rounds to the target, using
corrections of 100 meters or less, rather than making large
range corrections..
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5353
DROP 100, OVER
CREEPING FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5454
DROP 100, OVER
CREEPING FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5555
DROP 100, OVER
CREEPING FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5656
DROP 100 FFE, OVER
CREEPING FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5757
CREEPING FIRES
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5858
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
After the first definite range spotting is determined, the observer should send a range correction to the FDC to establish a range bracket of known distance (one round over and one round short). Once the bracket has been established, the observer successively splits the bracket until he is assured the rounds will be within 50 meters of the adjusting point when he fires for effect. Normally, range changes of 100, 200, 400, or 800 meters are used to make splitting the bracket easier. The observer enters FFE when he is sure of rounds impacting within 50 meters of the adjusting point.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 5959
RANGE CORRECTION
ADD 400, OVER
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
FIRST DEFINITE RANGE SPOTTING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6060
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 200, OVER
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6161
RANGE CORRECTION
ADD 100, OVER
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6262
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 50, FFE OVER
SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6363
RANGE CORRECTIONSUCCESSIVE BRACKETING
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6464
RANGE CORRECTIONS
ADD OR DROP 1600ADD OR DROP 800ADD OR DROP 400ADD OR DROP 200ADD OR DROP 100ADD OR DROP 50 (FFE)
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6565
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 400 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6666
RANGE CORRECTION
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
ADD 200 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6767
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
ADD 100 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6868
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 50 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 6969
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7070
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 400 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7171
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
ADD 200 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7272
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 100 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7373
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
DROP 50 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7474
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
RANGE CORRECTION
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7575
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 2300
RIGHT 100DROP 400 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7676
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 2300
RIGHT 40ADD 200 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7777
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 2300
LEFT 40ADD 100 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7878
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 2300
LEFT 30DROP 50 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 7979
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 2300
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8080
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 4300
RIGHT 60DROP 400 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8181
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 4300
LEFT 40ADD 200 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8282
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 4300
RIGHT 40DROP 100 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8383
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 4300
DROP 50 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8484
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 4300
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8585
MTO B TIME IN EFFECT 2 ROUNDS TGT NUMBER AA2001, OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8686
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 3300
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
LEFT 100ADD 400 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8787
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 3300
LEFT 30DROP 200 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8888
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 3300
RIGHT 40DROP 100 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 8989
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
DEV & RNG CORRECTION
OT DISTANCE 3300
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9090
TIME ADD 50, OVER
MTO B TIME IN EFFECT 2 ROUNDS TGT NUMBER AA2001, OVER.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9191
HEIGHT OF BURST
Height of burst spottings are used when fuze time is fired. The observer must determine the number of mils in the air above the target, the round bursts.
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9292
HEIGHT OF BURST
AIR--a round or group of rounds that bursts in the air. The number of mils is determined. For example, a burst 10 mils above the target would be spotted as AIR 10.
GRAZE--a round or group of rounds that detonates on impact.
SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9393
HEIGHT OF BURSTSPOTTINGS
AIR__________(MILS)
GRAZE
AIR
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9494
SEQUENCE OF SPOTTINGS AND CORRECTIONS
SPOTTINGHEIGHT OF BURST (1m)
RANGE
DEVIATION (5m)
CORRECTIONDEVIATION (10M)
RANGE
HEIGHT OF BURST (5M)
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9595
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9696
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9797
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9898
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST SPOTTINGS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 9999
Adjust HOB to 20 meters.Graze burst without previous air Up 40, 0ver.Graze burst with previous air Up 20, 0ver.Never Fire For Effect from a graze burst.Fire For Effect if correction is 40 meters or less.
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 100100
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 3300
UP 40 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 101101
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 3300
DOWN 70 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 102102
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 3300
UP 20 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 103103
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 3300
DOWN 40 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 104104
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 3300
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 105105
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 2500
DOWN 40 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 106106
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 2500
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 107107
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 1400
UP 40 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 108108
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 1400
UP 40 OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 109109
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 1400
DOWN 10 FFE OVER
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 110110
1 2 3 4 512345
5
4
32
1
67
HEIGHT OF BURST CORRECTIONS
OT DISTANCE 1400
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 111111
At the completion of the FFE we must determine whateffects we had on the target and send an End of Mission(EOM) to the FDC. Tell FDC what happened.
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 112112
RESULTS OF FFE
OBSERVER’S ACTIONS
OBSERVER’S TRANSMISSION
Accurate and sufficient
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
End mission and surveillance
End of mission RPG silenced estimate ____ causalities, over
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 113113
RESULTS OF FFE
OBSERVER’S ACTIONS
OBSERVER’S TRANSMISSION
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
Inaccurate and sufficient
Refinement, end mission, and surveillance
Right 20 Add 20 end of mission RPG silencedestimate ____ causalities, over
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 114114
RESULTS OF FFE
OBSERVER’S ACTIONS
OBSERVER’S TRANSMISSION
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
Inaccurate and Insufficient
Refinement and repeat or re-enter adjust fire
Right 10 Add 50 repeat or Right 50 Add 400 adjust fire over
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 115115
RESULTS OF FFE
OBSERVER’S ACTIONS
OBSERVER’S TRANSMISSION
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
Accurate and Insufficient
REPEAT
Repeat over
USAFASTB34AK # TB34AK # 116116
REFINEMENT and SURVEILLENCE
R/L ___ +/- ____ U/D___ end of mission ______________ neutralized, estimate ____ causalities, over.