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CROSS EXAMINATION: FINDING THE WHITE SPACE [A DEMONSTRATION]Demonstration session Erin H. Gerstenzang February 6, 2015
DEMONSTRATING SOBRIETY
DR IV ING DEMEANOR F I E L D S O B R I E T Y
FINDING THE WHITE SPACE
Trained to observe
Impaired people have difficulty doing this
Example(s) of what impaired people do
You asked John to do this
He complied
And, you did not indicate anything unusual about the manner in which he did this
WHITE SPACE FORMULA ?
?
?
?
?
?
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Yes.
Trained to observe
Impaired people have difficulty doing this
Example(s) of what impaired people do
You asked John to do this
He complied
And, you did not indicate anything unusual about the manner in which he did this?
BLUE LIGHTS PULL OVER
DR IV ING
WITNESS RECOLLECTION
IF IT WASN’T NOTED, IT DIDN’T HAPPEN…
Trained on police report writing
Trained to be accurate
Trained to be thorough
Include all relevant details
Have to testify months later
You had time to prepare a report
Narrative - not limited by space
You’ve reviewed it since
You submitted it to your supervisor
Made no amendments
REPORT WRITING
Trained to observe
Impaired people have difficulty doing this
Example(s) of what impaired people do
You asked John to do this
He complied
And, you did not indicate anything unusual about the manner in which he did this?
LICENSE
SPEECH EYES
EXIT WALK TO REAR STANDING
GENERAL
Normal dexterity and fine motor skills
Normal balance
Normal walk
Normal speech
Normal eyes
You've ‘created’ facts for closing
C L I E N T ’ S D E M E A N O R
GRAY SPACE๏ Condition of eyes ๏ Odor of alcohol ๏ Performance on FSTs ๏ Instructions for FSTs ๏ Mental clarity
(followed instructions) ๏ Admission (investigate
size/type drinks)
๏ Polite ๏ Cooperative ๏ Explanations ๏ Equal pupil size ๏ VGN ๏ No resting nystagmus ๏ Anything the officer did
incorrectly
Trained to observe
Impaired people have bloodshot watery eyes
You would agree that a person can have this without drinking alcohol
Allergies
Simple fatigue
Did not ask how much sleep he had
Stopped John at 1:00 am
Any investigation of innocent explanations
BLOODSHOT WATERY
EYES
Trained to observe
Impaired people have an odor
You would agree that based upon your training, you cannot determine how much
You would agree that based upon your training, you cannot determine when
You would agree that based upon your training, you cannot discern a level of impairment
An odor merely tells you alcohol is present
STRONG
ODOR
Trained to observe
Impaired people can be emotionally inappropriate
Example(s) of what impaired people do
In this case you indicated that Jon was polite and cooperative
POL I TE COOPERAT IVE
ATT I TUDE
DEMONSTRATING SOBRIETY
DR IV ING DEMEANOR F I E L D S O B R I E T Y
FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
HGN
N E E D A B I G P I C T U R E - ? ? ? ? F L A M E ?
HGN
STAND STILLFEET TOGETHER ARMS AT SIDE EYES AND EYES ONLY
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS
Trained to observe
Impaired people have difficulty doing this
Example(s) of what impaired people do
You asked John to do this
He complied
And, you did not indicate anything unusual about the manner in which he did this?
EQUAL PUPILS EQUAL TRACKING
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
WAT
TITLE TITLE TITLE TITLE
Text goes here
DIVIDED ATTENTION
STARTS TOO SOON
IMAGINARY LINE
IMPROPER TURN
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
CLIENT: John Doe OFFICER: Deputy Smith
HGN
Date
Equal pupil size Equal tracking
Lack of smooth pursuit
Max deviation
Prior to 45º 6 out of 6 clues
Had to be reminded to keep head still
VGN
Not present
WALK AND TURN
Notes
ONE LEG STAND
January 1, 2010 2:36 AM
Sways
Hops
Arms
Foot down
0 out of 4
Stayed for 44 seconds indicating slow internal clock
Unable to maintain balance
Starts too soon
Arms
HT
Improper #
Improper turn
Off line
Stops
2 out of 8
Does not count out loud
**
WAT
O N E L E G S TA N D
SWAYS ARMS HOPS F O O T D O W N
Trained to observe
Impaired people have difficulty doing this
Example(s) of what impaired people do
You asked John to do this
He complied
And, you did not indicate anything unusual about the manner in which he did this?
QUESTIONS?
Demonstration session Erin H. Gerstenzang February 6, 2015