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The Future of Corrections
Chapter 13
Dilemmas Facing Corrections
1. Mission
2. Methods
3. Structure
4. Personnel
5. Cost
Five Dilemmas Facing Corrections
Mission Corrections lacks a clear mission Different clients
Offenders, public, other government agencies
Attempt to meet all expectations Must articulate a philosophy of corrections
Five Dilemmas Facing Corrections
Methods Difficulty choosing between competing
methods Often do not seem to work Fads Fairness
Five Dilemmas Facing Corrections
Structure Internally
Divided against itself
Externally Little formal capacity to control demand for
services
Discussion Question
Discuss the internal and external dilemmas that face corrections. What is meant by corrections being a process divided against itself?
Five Dilemmas Facing Corrections
Personnel Attracting the right kind of people
Low salaries Entry-level position
Motivating currently employed to stay Collective bargaining Demoralization Assessment
Discussion Question
What if you were placed in charge of a correctional institution that has been plagued by a high turnover rate and under-educated correctional staff? How would you go about correcting this problem? How would you attract more educated individuals who want to excel and stay in the field?
Five Dilemmas Facing Corrections
Costs Building Personnel Crowding Fiscal restraint Privatization
Discussion Question
Should cost be a factor in sentencing an offender? What are the pros and cons of taking costs into consideration?
Four Trends in the CorrectionalSystem
Evidence-Based Practice What works?
Recidivism
Evaluation
Random field trial
Four Trends in the CorrectionalSystem
Techno-Corrections Electronic monitoring High-risk clients Drug-testing Eye-recognition Spatial monitoring Computer-aided decision making
Four Trends in the CorrectionalSystem
Falling Crime Rates Relationship is not straightforward
Change in public opinion
Opportunity for innovation and improvement
Discussion Question
Discuss the falling crime rates in society. What policies could be implemented to address this issue?
Four Trends in the CorrectionalSystem
Professionalization Academic discipline of criminal justice Journals Professional associations Consequences
Higher standard A new voice
Three Challenges for the Futureof Corrections
Challenge 1: Reinvigorate a New Correctional Leadership Acting in ways that correctional clients see as
“legitimate” Maintaining safe, drug-free environments in prisons
and jails where staff and those confined inside can stay “clean”
Making management “transparent”
Three Challenges for the Futureof Corrections
Challenge 2: Refocus Our Investments in What Works Early prevention Risk-focused, evidence-based programs A national council on early prevention Local-level prevention Communities that care
Three Challenges for the Futureof Corrections
Challenge 3: Reclaim the Moral and Ethical High Road American punitiveness
Harsher than other countries
Health care
Social costs
Discussion Question
What if you were placed in charge of a 78-year-old correctional institution that has not been renovated since its construction. You are currently operating at 115% capacity and have 23 less staff than the operational manual suggests. What challenges do you face? How do you fix these?
Changing Corrections: A Final View
Government Agencies National Institute of Corrections
National clearinghouse of information about correctional practices
Source of technical assistance to local and state correctional agencies that wish to upgrade their practices
Training operation, both basic and advanced, open to any correctional employee
Changing Corrections: A Final View
Professional Associations American Correctional Association
Lobbyist
American Probation and Parole Association Organization
Discussion Question
Discuss whether the future of corrections looks promising. Take into consideration what has been explained in this text. What direction does corrections appear to be heading? Rehabilitation? Get tough? Medical Model? What direction do you think it should go?