Community Oriented Policing, US, 2015:Bridging the Divide or Falling off the Bridge?

INSPECT2 WorkshopVienna, Austria

November 3rd, 2015

Dr. Maria (Maki) Haberfeld, John Jay College of Criminal Justice

The citizen expects police officers to have

the wisdom of Solomon,

the courage of David,

the strength of Samson,

the patience of Job,

the leadership of Moses,

the kindness of the Good Samaritan,

the strategical training of Alexander,

the faith of Daniel, the diplomacy of Lincoln,

the tolerance of the Carpenter of Nazareth, and finally,

an intimate knowledge of every branch

of the natural, biological, and social sciences.

If he had all these, he might be a good policeman!

(August Vollmer, cited in Bain, 1939).

What’s the difference – The “Ferguson Effect” ?

“COPS OR CRIMINALS – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?”

(The Departed, 2006)

C – COURTESY:

P – PROFESSIONALISM:

R- RESPECT:

United States – History of Policing

Cities versus Rural Qualifications The Southern Slaves Patrol Multiculturalism – whose values/interests? Power Corrupts

The Political Era – 1840s till 1920s – OR – 2015?

No standards:

* recruitment

* selection

* training

* equipment

Close contacts

Corruption

The Professional Era – 1930s till 1970s – OR – 2015?

Standards (?) Education/training (?) Technology Change in Deployment Change in Philosophy (?) Civil Rights and Progress

Pre-Community Policing Era (late 1970s- early 1980s) and 2015 Intelligence, Data Driven, Predictive Policing Goldstein and the Problem Oriented

Policing – from Reactive to ProactiveThe SARA ModelScanningAnalyzingRespondingAssessing

The Community Policing Era (1980s till 2015?)

Change in philosophy (?) Change in orientation (?) Change in recruitment/selection (?) Change in training (?) Change in deployment (?)

Change in Public’s Attitude (?)

The Community Policing Era

“WE” - can do it together

Ownership

Expectations

Commitment

Understanding

Trust

Accountability

Training

2015 – the Ferguson Effect The Predatory Era (?)

“Policing is hard on Democracy”

Policing “the Community”

Policing post 9/11

Policing post Ferguson

MISSION STATEMENT OF THE NEW YORK CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT

IS TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN OUR CITY BY WORKING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH THE COMMUNITY AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

TO ENFORCE THE LAWS, PRESERVE THE PEACE, REDUCE FEAR, AND PROVIDE FOR A SAFE ENVIRONMENT.

Community, Individual & P/C Values

Genital Mutilation, Child Abandonment, Coining

UNIVERSAL VALUES

MY VALUES P/C VALUES

Enforcing The Law – Case Studies: NYPD, Fayetteville, NC

CONSTITUTION, STATE LAWS, LOCAL ORDINANCES

RIGHT TO PURSUE HAPINESS FREEDOM OF SPEECHDrug Use, Preferred Health Care…The Militia Movements, Radical Organizations…

How Do You Focus & Perform?

COMMUNITY VALUES

INDIVIDUAL VALUES LAW DRIVEN VALUES

THE PRICE

HUMAN LIFE AS A PRICE TO PAY – Focus on violations that cost lives, like speeding and drunken driving

HOW EXPENSIVE IS IT TO REDUCE FEAR? – NYPD: Stop and Frisk

Cost of a Safe Environment

Who pays and at what cost?

Will you still respect me the morning after?

Will you still respect yourself the next morning?

Bridging the Divide or Falling from the Bridge? Back to the Past? EXPERIMENTS – 1970S

The Kansas City Patrol

Neighborhood Food Patrol

ICAP; SARA

Team Policing

EXPERIMENTS – 2015

2014 – NYPD – Reengineering

NYPD – NCO

Coffee with a cop

Intelligence Led, Data/Evidence Driven, Predictive Policing

IMPACT