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Content • Introduction • History of Islam in Algeria• The Ministry of Religious Affairs and awqaf• Supreme Islamic Council• Administration of waqf• Administration of zakat• Hajj and Umrah• the institution of the mosque• Administration of masjid• Administration of Judgment/kada • conclusion
Introduction • Islam is a comprehensive way of all details in our life, which
covers all aspect of human life and activities including the administration of organization or institution .
• In Islam, the administration plays the main role for the success of muslims’ organization. the Islamic principles in administration provide a more comprehensive system as they incorporate both moral and spiritual dimensions.
• The basic principles of Islamic administration are extracted from the primary and secondary sources of shariah.
• Islamic principles of administration do not merely serve as a concept or theoretical aspect in the Islamic administration but rather as a very practical tool in serving the needs of any organization in facing the challenges of this new globalization era.
background of Islamic administration in Algeria
• In Algeria the vast majority of citizens are Sunni Muslims belonging to Maliki school of jurisprudence . resident Christians, numbering less than 1% of the population, are mainly foreigners.
• Islam was first brought to Algeria (Algeria was known as middle maghreb) by the Umayyad dynasty following the Islamic conquests by Uqba ibn Nafi (62H/ seventh century).
• Algerian state was founded in 1516 by two brothers Khaireddin and aruj barbarus(origins of turk).at the stage the islamic affairs ruled by the Ottomans empire.
• The basic components of the identity of Algerian people are Islam, Arabite and berberite.
• Algeria now is a republic of western North Africa with a population of 35 million. It is the second largest country in Africa in terms of area (2381741 square KM) .
Islamic Administration in the colonial period 1830-1962
• The French Colonial period 1830-1962.• The war of independence which culminated
the end of 132 years of struggle against one of the most cruel colonization projects in history.
Cont..
French law:• Muslims could not hold public meetings, or leave
their homes or villages without permission.• Legally, the indigene became without their full rights
unless they renounced Islamic law. Few did so.• The land of Islamic charitable (habus/wakaf) was
confiscated.• The traditional Quranic schools and zawias.. were
was closed ,or destroyed,
Cont..
• Indeed French colonizers, driven by destructive craving for domination, implemented a highly advanced acculturation policy based on a cultural policy of colonization designed and reflected at the highest state circles [Camille Riesler, 2004].
• Eradication of sharia law
• Implementation of Napoleonic code
Islamic Administrationafter independence(1962)
• The first founder text of the Algerian nation being used as the goal of the fight for national liberation: "The establishment of the sovereign democratic social Algerian state within the framework of Islamic principles" [The Declaration of November 1, 1954]• Article 2 of constitution(1963/1989/1996/2008):
Islam is the religion of the state.
Administration of Islamic affairsA I A :
divided in three main bodies
Supreme Islamic Council
Ministry of Religious Affairs:-Managing or organizing affairs and religious rites of the population of
Algeria.-Oversees the activities of adherents
of other religions approved.
The judiciary(kada) is divided into : -laws of individual and family
circumstances derived from the Islamic shariah law.
- Civil laws derived from Napoleon law.
Supreme Islamic Council
• Supreme Islamic Council is an independent constitutional institution.• according to the Constitution of 1989, Article 161: the high Islamic
Council, is established directly by the President of republic. • Islamic Supreme Council appoints president from among its members.• Islamic Supreme Council consists of 15 members, including a president
appointed by the president of the republic from among the top national competencies in various fields of science.
• The Constitution defines the functions of the Supreme Islamic Council in legal advice,
• And the diligence required by contemporary Islam in facing the problems due to social changes and major cultural.
Cont..• Basic objectives:
• Issuing fatwas• Training and religious education• Dissemination of correct Islamic culture • contribute to the development of Islamic thought and ijtihad• Develop thinking and diligence.• Make Islam immune from political practices.• Provide for all matters related to Islam that allows corrects erroneous
perceptions and highlight the real foundations and the correct understanding.
• Religious guidance and dissemination of Islamic culture inside and outside the country.
The Ministry of Religious AffairsM R A
MASJID WAKF/HUBUS HADJJ ZAKAT
Cont..
• The Ministry of Religious Affairs controlled an estimated 15,000 public mosques.
• Imams were trained, appointed, and paid by the government, and the Friday khutba, was issued to them by the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
• That ministry also administered religious property, the habus, provided for religious education and training in schools, and created special institutes for Islamic learning.
Administration of Mosque/masjid/djamii
Mosque manages
solat-Quran madrasa
-literacy-Guidance
Zakat found
Cont..
• The first administrator is the Imam appointed by the Directorate of Religious Affairs.
• Assisted by Religious Committee.
Important tasks for Imam:• Ensures Imam peaceful responsibility to its employees, and works on religious,
cultural, scientific and social activities.
Important functions of the Committee:• The role of the construction and renovation of mosques.• Furnishing• Maintaining mosques libraries.• provide section for the memorization of the Holy Quran. And housing for
imams and muezzins and teachers of the Quran.
The Institution of the Mosque
• Established in each wilaya by ministry for the management and organization of waqf.
• Mosque is public waqf in accordance with Article II of the Executive Decree 91/89 dated 23/03/1991.
Cont.. Consists of four councils and Office approved by the Minister:
1- Scientific Council2- Council of Building and processing 3- Council of ikra and Education 4- Council of subul khayrat ( good things)
With regard to the Office of the institution of the mosque is composed with the Trustees of the four Councils and is headed by Nazir of Religious Affairs.
Cont..
• Main Tasks of Mosque institution:- Care of The construction of mosques and
Quranic schools .- Care of The architecture of mosques.- Protection of the sanctity of mosques and
protect their property.- Activate the movement of waqf and
rationalizing investment of awqaf.
Administration of Waqf=Hubus=Tasbil
• before ottoman empire• Ottoman Empire period
• the last period of ottoman empire
Pre-colonial period(before 1830 )
•policy of elimination of waqf
Colonial period(1830-1962:)
• Process of waqfPost-colonial:
Independence(1962)
Pre-colonial period(before 1830)
before ottoman empire(...-1516): few information, wilayat wakf(nazarat wakf) was under waqif or mawquf alaih or kadi…
Ottoman Empire period Worked on:• Stabilize endowments through the appointment of principals of
endowments(nazir) who perished.• also takes specific importance for the wakaf of the Two Holy Mosques ,
when has assigned its management to kadi-kodat.the last period of ottoman empire : was characterized by Institutional structure
for the management of endowments:• Awqaf institution of Two Holy Mosques• awqaf institution of algerian Great Mosque• awqaf institution of subul khayrat • awqaf institution of bayto mal• awqaf institution of people of Andalusia
Colonial period(1830-1962):
French administration acted in accordance with the ruler's policy on the issuance of a number of laws and decrees And consecutive decisions to eliminate waqf ( Endowments), we mention the most important:
• Resolution dated September 8, 1830• Decree issued on December 7, 1830• Resolution dated October 1, 1844• Decree of the October 30, 1858• In the final Act of 26 July 1873 came project "warnnier:
final liquidation of the Waqf Properties.
Post-colonial:Independence(1962)
After independence there was not of Wakf, the real property is divided into four categories:
- state property,- property belonging to the occupant (colonizer)- property belonging to the private ownership of
some of the Algerians,- property without ownership.
Cont..
The establishment of the administration of Awqaf passed through phases:
• Of the year 1962 - 1984, there is no special law for endowments.
• The first special law of Waqf, was the Law No. 84/11 dated 06.09.1984 .
• Constitution of 1989, which recognized in article 49 Proprietary endowment: founded the constitutional protection for waqf.
• Confirmed this Protection of the constitutional amendment of 1996 under Article 52.
Endowment management structurethe Ministry of Religious Affairs
Committee(lajna) of Endowments
The directorate of Awqaf, Zakat, Haji and omra
Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf and institution of mosque
Agent (waqil)of Awqaf
the supervisor(nazir) of waqf
General Inspectorate(mufatichiah)
Committee of Endowments
• Established by a resolution of the Minister of Religious Affairs, which determines his composition and functions .
• This Committee is primarily responsible for the waqf of property after the minister, who is working under his authority.
• The most important tasks:- The settlement of the status of public and private properties of waqf.- The settlement of the status of all the land of wakf allocated for the
construction of mosques and religious projects....Within the general endowments
- The settlement of the status of waqf properties which became the public waqf after interruption the inheritor (Which was private endowments).
General Inspectorate
Are under the authority of the minister, his function are: monitoring visits and inspections, Focused on the follow-up to exploit the endowment property projects and inspect and prepare periodic reports on the Sent by the Inspector General to the Minister in accordance with the provisions of Article 4 of the same Decree 2000/371 dated 18/11/2000.
The Directorate of Awqaf, Zakat, Haji and Omra
• Under the authority of the minister, which brought about under the text of Article III of the Executive Decree No. 05/146, dated 07/11/2005.
• The following main tasks:- Find Waqf of properties, registration and ensure publish it and counting.- On the management of Waqf properties and investment and
development programs.- Follow up the collection of waqaf properties and to identify ways of
dispensing.- Improved financial management and encouraging awaqaf.
- Ensure the amanah of Waqf Properties Committee .
Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf and institution of mosque
1- Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf :we find it in each wilaya(48), Ensures to manage
endowment property, protection and search and inventoried and documented Administratively in accordance with the applicable regulation: [Article 10 of the Executive Decree 98/381].
2-institution of mosque :Activate endowment movement and rationalizing of investment of awqaf
Agent (wakil) of waqf
• His duties under the supervision of the Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf, watching locally site endowment, and follows the work of supervisor Waqf property and monitored in accordance with Article 11 of Executive Decree 98/381
The supervisor(nazir) of waqf
• His function is The management Waqf Properties: exploited, save, protect him.
According to Article 33 of the Endowments Act 91/10
The National diwan (Office) of Hajj and Umrah
• The establishment of the National diwan of Hajj and Umrah by executive decree No. 349-07 amended and supplemented on17 November 2007.
• Public institution of an industrial and commercial nature.
• managed by general manager and It is under the tutelage of the minister of religious affairs and endowments.
Cont..The diwan consists of:
• A representative of the prime minister,• A representative of the Minister in charge of the Interior and Local
Communities, • A representative of the minister in charge of foreign affairs,• A representative of the Minister of Finance,• A representative of the Minister in charge of Health and Population and
Hospital Reform, • A representative of the minister in charge of transport, a representative
of the Minister in charge of tourism, • Director in charge of Hajj and Umrah, • A representative of the Bank of Algeria.
main tasks of the national diwan of hajj and umrah:
• physical and human preparation for the Hajj operation inside and in the holy Bekaa.• Data collection on the process of pilgrimage.• physical organization of demonstrations, seminars and meetings related to the
process of pilgrimage.• Participate in the selection of officers in charge of the pilgrims service and determine
their number and evaluation of their activities.• The development of exchange relations and cooperation with national or foreign
bodies that operate in Hajj and Umrah.• evaluation processes.
The diwan provide also quality services to the mutamirines through travel agencies, tourism and various dealers In this context, the following tasks:
• Data collection on the process of Umrah, processing and utilization.• Choose officers in charge of mutamirines inside and the holy Bekaa.• Ensure proper administration umrah.• ensure the return of mutamirines after the expiration of the period prescribed for
the Umrah.
Administration of Zakat
• Zakat Fund institution:Is a religious social institution operates under the supervision of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Endowments, established in 2002.
• The role of the Zakat Fund in the reduction of poverty and unemployment by financing small and medium enterprises
• Managed by The religious affairs ministry: according to his instruction: steps of collection and distribution.
• collection: • zakat should to be given to mosque commissions or putting it in
Zakat funds that is located in each official mosque.• the money must not be kept in mosques. Imams should account
and transfer it to Zakat Fund current account.
Distribution of Zakat
Detail of distribution of Zakat:collect greater than 5 million dinars• 50% of the poor and needy• 12.5% of employees (amil) and zakat activity.• 37.5% of the investment and loan HassanCollect less than 5 million dinars• 87.5% of the poor and needy• 12.5% of employees (amil) and zakat activity.
Cont..Distribution:Mosque commissions determined priorities in granting Zakat
money.• Widows with their children come first• followed by divorced women with children. • Each family’s quota is defined according to money value
collected in their area.
note: Majority given zakat an individual manner, away from official channels, lack of confidence on the management of zakat.
conclusion
it can be said that indeed the Islamic principles of administration can give massive impact to the betterment of any organization, its leader, managers and employees for the life in this world and Hereafter.
Thank for Your Attention!
