5241 5245.output

* GB785648 (A)

Description: GB785648 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to bolting means

Description of GB785648 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION iwventor: RALPH JOHN SHIRE -vadt Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 19, 1956. t O I / Application Date: Jan19, 1955 No 1687/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 89 ( 1), A( 1 A: 7). International Classification:-FO 6 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Bolting Means We, ROLLS-ROYCE LIMITED, of Nightingale Road, Derby, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to bolting means In certain cases it is desired to secure two parts together by bolts or the like, where one side of the joint is inaccessible during assembly. In such a case, where for example two flange members are to be secured together, the flange on the side of the joint which is inaccessible may be provided with studs and the other flange may be formed with drilled holes at locations corresponding to the studs, the studs passing through the drilled holes and engaging with nuts to hold the two flanges together. An object of the present invention is to provide bolting means for a joint of which one side is inaccessible which avoids the necessity for the use of studs. According to the present invention there is provided a drilled hole at a corresponding location in each of the parts to be joined so that the holes are aligned on assembly, and the part on the side of the joint which is inaccessible on assembly has a groove formed on its face remote from the abutting faces of the parts and adjacent the drilled

hole therein, and there is provided a setscrew and nut for each pair of the aligned drilled holes, the setscrew having an eccentric head so that prior to assembly of the parts it may be entered into the hole in the part in which the groove is formed, and rotated to bring that part of the head which is farthest from the axis of the setscrew into the groove so as to prevent withdrawal of the setscrew from the hole and means are provided to prevent the setscrew turning while the nut is being tightened thereon Usually there will be a plurality of setscrews and the same number of pairs of drilled holes There may be a separate groove for each setscrew, or a continuous groove for a number of setscrews. According to a feature of the invention the eccentric head of each of the setscrews may 50 be formed as a basically circular head concentric with the axis of the setscrew but having a segment removed to form a flat on the head The segment which is removed will be less than a semicircle, and is preferably 55 such that the flat is at a greater distance from the axis of the setscrew than the radius of the shank of the setscrew. Preferably the second or other part is formed with a flange which extends parallel 60 to the axis of the drilled holes therein to engage with the flats on the heads of the cooperating setscrews thereby to prevent rotation of the setscrews about their axes and disengagement of the heads from the groove or 65 grooves. The invention is particularly applicable to a joint between two parts having peripheral flanges which abut one another and in which are formed a plurality of drilled holes 70 through which pass a corresponding number of setscrews. An example of this invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing. Figure 1 is a section through part of the 75 intake duct and associated parts of an internal combustion turbine engine. Figure 2 is a section on the line II-II of Figure 1. An intake duct 10 is bounded by an inner 80 wall 11 which forms the casing of a reduction gear (not shown) and an outer wall 12 to which is secured the casing 13 of an oil tank 14 Casing 13 is secured to the wall 12 at its outer perimeter by means of a thickened por 85 tion 15 drilled with a series of tapped holes into which studs 16 are inserted by which the casing 13 is secured to a radially-extending flange 17 on the wall 12 by nuts 18 and washers 19 90 At its inner perimeter the oil tank casing 13 is secured to the wall 12 by means according 785 M 648 2 785,648 to this invention. For this purpose wall 12 is provided with a cylindrical external flange 19 carrying a radially-extending flange 20. An annular groove 21 is formed in flange 19 at the base of flange 20

Casing wall 13 is provided with a radial flange 22 which is adapted to abut against the right-hand face of flange 20, (as seen in Fig 1) and an annular axially-extending flange 23 which is adapted to fit closely around the external perimeter of flange 20 and to project further to the left. The end of annular flange 23 is chamfered as shown at 24. Flanges 20 and 22 are drilled axially to receive a series of setscrews 25 These setscrews have circular heads 26 from which a segment is cut to form a flat 27 (see Figure 2) This flat performs two functions. Firstly it enables the setscrew to be moved into the position shown in Figure 1, the flat portion on insertion being nearest to flange 19 thus allowing the setscrew to clear the outer wall 28 of the groove 21 The setscrew is then rotated until the uncut portion of the head lies within the groove and the setscrew head will then be trapped axially by the groove and the setscrew will be held against axial displacement while the casing 13 is being placed in position. The second function that the flats perform is that when the setscrews have been rotated through 180 into the position shown in Figures 1 and 2, the flat portions 27 abut against the inner perimeter of flange 23 and thus prevent the setscrews turning when nuts 29 are tightened on their outer ends, thus clamping flange 22 to flange 20 and securing the casing in position Washers between nuts 29 and flange 22 are shown at 30. On assembly the setscrews are first trapped in the grooves 21 and rotated till the flats 27 are in a position to pass inside flange 23. As the casing 13 is offered up to wall 12 the axial flange 23 extends beyond the flange and will engage with the flats 27 If a setscrew should have inadvertently been rotated so that its flat is not substantially tangential to the periphery of casing 12, the axial flange 23 will not pass beyond the flange and the setscrew must be rotated to its correct position Then as the flange 22 of the second casing part 13 is moved towards flange 20, so flange 23 will move over the heads of the setscrews and will thus prevent their rotation and prevent the disengagement of the heads of the setscrews from the eroove 21 The shanks of the setscrews will meanwhile pass through the holes in flange 22 Nuts 29 will then be engaged with the setscrews to secure the parts together. It will be appreciated that the studs 16 in the thickened portion 15 of wall 13 will be passed through the holes in the flange 17 at the same time as the setscrews 25 pass through the holes in flange 22. It will be seen that the heads 26 of the setscrews 25 are on the side of the joint which is inaccessible during assembly, and that the use of studs at this joint is avoided with a 70 consequent reduction of weight and manufacturing cost.

The invention is also applicable where a joint is made between the outer peripheral flanges of two part's, for example at the outer 75 perimeter of wall 13, replacing the stud fixing illustrated in Figure 1 Also, instead of a continuous shallow peripheral groove, as is the groove 21, there might be provided a separate groove for each setscrew 80 The head of the setscrew may also be of different shape, for example it may be in the form of a circle machined eccentric to the axis of the shank of the setscrew.

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* GB785649 (A)

Description: GB785649 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to devices for feeding fluids into pipe linesunder pressure


COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Devices for Feeding Fluids into Pipe Lines under Pressure We, METAL AND PIPELINE ENDURANCE LIMITED, a British Company, of 22, Queen Anne's Gate, London, S.W.1, and ARTHUR CECIL VIVIAN, A British Subject, of the same address, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted, to us, and the method by which it is to ge performed, to be particularly described in and by tile following Statement : - This invention relates: to devices for feed ing fluids imo pipe lines under pressure and particularly for feeding, into compressed air lines, a fluid medium of such a character as will enable an air leak

in the pipe line readily to be detected: for example, the medium employed may comprise carbon tetrachloride or chlorine in liquid form, or other forms of detecting liquid may be employed. The pipe lines may be filled with gases or fluids and the medium may be liquid or gas. For example, carbon tetrachloride may be introduced into an air line, whilst gaseous or liquid chlorine may be introduced into a water line and yet again, di- or mono-fluoromonochloromethane known as arcton gas or carbon tetrachloride or chlorine into, an oil line for the purpose of detecting leaks. According to this invention a device for feeding fluid into a pipe line under pressure comprises a closed container' for a liquid, a pipe one end of which extends into' the container terminating above the liquid. therein and the other communicates with the pipe line, a second pipe communicating with the bottom of the container and communicating through an adjustable feed nozzle or control valve with the pipe line under pressure and% or with a supply pipe for gas, and a sighting device in said second pipeline. Preferably the container is located above said pipe line. In the case where the second pipe from the container communicates with the pipe line under pressure, it will be appreciated that when the adjustable feed nozzle of the control valve opens the head of liquid in the container will cause the liquid to be fed at a controlled rate into the pipe line; thus where the device is arranged for feeding a tracer liquid for detecting leaks, that liquid is stored in the container. In the case where the second pipe is connected solely to a supply of gas then the gas will require to be at a higher pressure than that prevailing in the pipe line and will also require to be insoluble in said liquid. In such an arrangement when the adjustable feed nozzle or control valve is open the gas will bubble up through the liquid in the container and then pass downwardly to the first pipe into the pipe line. In the case where the second pipe communicates both with the pipeline under pressure and with a supply of gas, the gas again will be at a higher pressure than that prevailing in the pipe line and may be soluble in said liquid, the supply pipe for gas being provided with a control valve in addition to the control valve associated with the second pipe. With this arrangement immediately the gas enters the second pipe it becomes dissolved in the liquid and the solution is fed at a controlled rate through the valve in the second pipe into the pipe line. For example, in the case where the second pipe communicates solely with the pipe line under pressure, the aforesaid adjustable feed nozzle or control valve may comprise a drip feed, the drips being

arranged to fail past a sighting window in the pipe. In the case where the second pipe communicates both with a gas supply and with the pipe line under pressure the gas supply pipe which isl controlled by the aforesaid control valve is arranged to extend into the second pipe and terminate opposite a sighting window so that the gas, as it issues from said pipe and before it becomes dissolved in the liquid, is visible in the form of bubbles, whereafter the solution is fed through the aS justable nozzle or control valve into the pipe line under pressure. In the case where the second pipe is in communication with a supply of insoluble gas the gas supply pipe 'extends in an upward direction into the second pipe and terminates opposite a sighting window so that the bubbles of gas can be seen when they issue from the supply whereafter they pass upwardly into the container and then downwardly through the first pipe into the aforesaid pipe line under pressure. of In any of the arrangements referred to above, the first said pipe is preferably provided with a control valve. In the arrangement where the second' pipe is connected to the pipe line under pressure a short conduit may be provided having couplings at its ends arranged for connection in said pipe line and ! from which conduit extend the two aforesaid pipes at locations spaced apart along the length of the conduit. The following is a description of various embodiments of the invention, reference being made to the accompanying, drawing in 'which: Teach of Figures 1 to 3 are diagrammatic side elevations of, three different types of apparatus. ; Figure 4 is a more detailed cross sectional view of the arrangement such as is shown in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is an upended vertical section through the sighting device on the line 5-5 of Figure 4. The arrangement shown in figure 1 is suitable for feeding a liquid tracer into a gas or air pipeline. There is connected in the pipeline, a short conduit 10 having suitable connections 11 and 12 at its ends for that purpose. Disposed above the conduit 10 is a dosed container 13 for the liquid tracer 14. The pipe 15 is provided with a control valve 16 and extends upwardly from the conduit 10 and projects rough the bottom of the container 13 terminating above the liquid level therein. A second pipe 17 extends from the bottom of the container and communicates through a control valve 18 and a drip feed sighting device 19 with another part of the conduit 10. With this arrangement

assuming both the valves 16 and 18 are open', pressure in the gas or air line will be communicated to the top of the closed container and force the liquid tracer through the control valve 18 and drip feed device into the gas or air line. The arrangement shown in Figure 2, is suitable for feeding an insoluble gas tracer into a gas or air line and has similar parts 101 to 16 to those of Figure 1. The container, however, is not filled with tracer liquid but a simple liquid such as water As in the previous construction, a pipe 17 extends from the bottom of the container but does not communicate with the conduit, 10 but is closed at its lower end 20, This pipe becomes full of water and projecting up through the closed end is a small pipe 21 which receives a supply of tracer gas through. a control cock 22. The tracer gas bubbles up through the water past a sighting window 19 up through the liquid in the container 13 then down through the pipe 15 and ! control cock 16 into the gas or air pipe line. The arrangement shown in Figure 3 is suitable for feeding into a gas or liquid pipe line a Itracer gas which is soluble in the liquid contained in the container 13., The parts 10 to 19 are all similar to those shown in Figure 1 with the exception that the control cock 18 is disposed beaveen the sighting device and the conduit 10 The tracer gas is fed through a control cock 23. and small pipe line 24 to the pipe 117. The small pipe line 24 extends up to the neighbourhood of the sighting window and thus bubbles of the gas will appear in the window before they become dissolved in the liquid flowing into the pipe line. Figures 4 and 5 show more in detail an embodiment of .the construction described with reference to Figures 1 and 3. It is an essentidal feature of that arrangement that the pressure equalising pipe 15 and the valve 16 in this first pipe shall be open when liquid from the container 13, or a solution of dissolved gas, flows by gravity down the second pipe 17. The main body of the device shown in Figure 4 comprises an upright hollow cylinder 25 of about 18 inches in lenth and 4 inches in internal diameter An internal partition 26 is securedi within the cylinder at about 3 inches from the upper end, which end may be closed by a removable cap 27 lined with a rubber wathir 28. The conduit 10 extends through the cylinder at ithe lower end thereof and is provided with the couplings 11 and ! 12 for connection with a compressed air pipe, line One part of the pipe 15 extends up through the aforesaid partition 26 terminating close to the closure cap 27. The other end of this pipe projects beneath the partition 2g, is provided with a coupling for connecting it to the other part of the pipe 15 which extends dlonvnwardly. This downwardly-extending part of the pipe is connected to one part of the

valve casing 16 and another part of the valve casing is connected with another part of the pipe 15 which ccmmuni- cates with the aforesaid conduit 10. A control spindle 40 for the valve extends out through a hole in the wall of the hollow cylinder 25. Another short length of the pipe 17 extends through the aforesaid partition 26, terminating close to the bottom thereof, and the lower end of this pipe is coupled to the casing 18 of a needle valve. The spindle 41 of the needle valve extends out through a hole in the wall ;of the cylinder. The outlet from the needle valve delivers into a small nozzle 29 which extends downwardly into an upper vertical limb 30 of a cross-shaped pipe shown in Figure 5, which limb is disposed within the cylinder 25.. The lower part of the needle valve casing is connected to this limb. The lower vertical limb 31 of the cross pipe is provided with a coupling 32 for connection with another downwardly-extending pipe constituting an extension of the pipe 17 which communicates with the aforesaid compressed air conduit 10. The other two horizontally-extending limbs 33, 34, of the cross pipe extend out through holes in the wall of the cylinder 25 and the extremity of each limb is provided with a flange 35. The outer face of each flange is recessed to receive a sighting glass 36. A retaining plate 37 with a hole 38 therein is arranged on the outer side of each sighting glass and is clamped to the flange 35 by bolts 39 which extend through holes ; in 'the plate and flange. With this arrangement, by looking through a hole 318, in 'one lof the plates, the discharge from the feed nozzle can Ibe seen. An electric torch may be arranged opposite the other hole to facilitate inspection. The rate of feed can be adjusted by adjustment of the two valves 16 and 17. In modifying the above apparatus so as to dispense liquid in which gas has been dissolved, the needle valve 18 is dispensed with and a pipe connected through a control valve with a supply of gas takes its place while the second control valve is arranged to be connected to the lower vertical limb of the cross pipe as shown in Figure 3. The apparatus can also be equally well adapted for feeding insoluble gas, in which case the lower vertical limb of the cross pipe 31 is connected to a valve controlled supply pipe for the gas. The pipe connected between the lower vertical limb of the cross member and the conduit is eliminated or shut off. What we claim. is: 1. A device for feeding fluid into a pipe line under pressure comprising a closed container for a liquid, a pipe one end of which extends into the container and terminates above the liquid therein and the other end of which pipe communicates with the pipe line, and a second pipe which communicates with the bottom lof the container and

also communicates through an adjustable feed nozzle or control valve with the pipe line under pressure and/or with a supply pipe for gas and a sighting device in said second pipe line.


* GB785650 (A)

Description: GB785650 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in and relating to surface scaling

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventors: BRIAN CHAPMAN FRITH and JAMES WILLIAM GREEN 785650 Date of filing Complete Specification: March 21, 1956. Application Date: April I, 1955. No 9523/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 91, D 2 (A: D: H: Q). International Classification:-Clld. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements, in and relating to Surface Scaling We, J M COLLETT & COMPANY LIMITED, of Bristol Road, Gloucester, a British Company, do

hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to the removal of scale of the kind commonly known as 'beerstone' such as is produced on the containing and other surfaces against which foodstuff materials are stored or processed, due primarily to the formation of calcium oxalate, as for example in the fermentation of malt wort or beer, in the evaporation of milk and cane or beet sugar solutions, in the storage of wine and the manufacture of vinegar, pickles and sauces Such scale is not only very hard, intractable and extremely insoluble but, owing to its rough and uneven texture, tends to become augmented by such additional matter as yeast, casein and the like. Besides its unsightliness and the difficulty to which it gives rise in cleaning the affected surfaces, scale of this kind is also liable to harbour undesirable microorganisms and to interfere with heat transfer and fluid flow, as for example in the case of evaporator tubes. Removal of the scale is desirable or necessary for these various reasons and although it can be effected mechanically as by chipping, scouring or grinding, these operations are both tedious and likely to result in damage to the underlying surface Chemical removal methods have therefore been sought, in which connection it is already known that the scale can be dissolved by strong sulphuric acid to which an oxidizing agent such as strong nitric acid has been added It has also been suggested to include in a scale removing solution, ordinary ammonium sulphate and sulphuric acid together with ammonium persulphate, worked up with clay to form a brushable paste. The present invention is concerned with the problem of how to obtain a sufficient concentration of effectively available strong sullPrice 3 s 6 d l phuric acid in such a paste or paint, which concentration we find should be at least 30 % in conjunction with a suitable oxidizing agent in order to attack the scale at all vigorously, the concentration being correspondingly greater in a dry composition such as a powder, in which form a preparation of the kind is more convenient for sale, to allow for the dilution caused by converting this powder into the required paste or paint. A scale removing preparation according to the present invention contains ammonium and/ or alkali metal bisulphate together with a suitable oxidizing agent, the proportion of said bisulphate being enough to give a concentration of at least 30 % of available sulphuric acid in a paste or paint as formed when the preparation is mixed with such a quantity of water that said paste or paint has a suitable consistency for application. The following are the approximate percentages of sulphuric acid to

which suitable bisulphates easily obtainable commercially are capable of giving rise in admixture with water, expressed as percentages of the respective bisulphates: Ammonium bisulphate Sodium bisulphate (anhydrous) do (crystals) do (normal commercial) Potassium bisulphate 42.6 % 40.8 % 35.6 % 36.37 % 36.1 % From these figures it is evident that highest sulphuric acid concentration is attainable with ammonium bisulphate, which is preferred on that account. The most convenient oxidizing agent for the purpose is ammonium and/or alkali metal persulphate (again the ammonium salt being preferred), since this becomes converted under the conditions of use to the bisulphate, the proportion of which is thereby increased The perborates or percarbonates are however suitable alternative oxidizing agents. The preparation also preferably comprises a binder or carrier, for which purpose china clay is especially suitable on account of its ability to form an extremely adherent film on metal surfaces. A mixture consisting of ammonium bisulphate, ammonium persulphate and china clay is suitable for sale as a dry powder ready for conversion into a paste or paint as required by simple admixture with water In such a dry mixture the proportion of the bisulphate may be between the limits 77 % and 94 % and preferably 85 7 %, that of the persulphate between the limits of 1 % and 7 % and preferably 3 6 % and that of the china clay between the limits 5 % and 22 % and preferably 10 7 % A preparation containing the preferred proportions is capable of giving rise to 36 5 % of sulphuric acid expressed as a percentage of the mixture and as not more than 10 % of water is required for this purpose and also to make a paste suitable in consistency for painting on to a surface to be treated, it will be seen that the final sulphuric acid concentration in this paste can be as high as 32 9 %. It is to be noted that an aqueous liquid vehicle for forming the paste or paint need not consist entirely of water, although when added to the dry preparation in sufficient quantity to give the required consistency it must be capable of providing enough water to produce the required concentration of the acid and should preferably be capable of providing enough to react fully with the whole of the bisulphate. The stated proportions are throughout by weight.

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* 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785651 (A)

Description: GB785651 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to knitting machines


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: KAIRL-EGON EI'CHHORN A Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 19, 1953. No 11322/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 74 ( 2), C 8. International Classification:-DO 4 b. COMPLETE i SPECIFI'CATION Improvements in or relating to Knitting Machines Wie, VEoB TRIKOTAGENWERK " TRINELI " VVB INDUSTRXEZWEIG{LEITUNG TRIKOT, of 8, Siidstrasse, Limbach-Oberfrohna I, Germany, a Nationalised 'Corporation organised under the laws of Eastern Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to knitting machines of the kind, wherein the needles are individually movable and, after being brought to the knocking over position by the stitch cam are subjected to a pull exerted by the knitted material as it is drawn from the knitting machine The invention is in particular lconcerned with an arrangement for automatically stopping machines of the kind referred to, when faulty operation, such as resulting from thread or needle breakage, running out of thread supply and the like, occurs or when faulty goods are knitted either resulting from such faulty operation or from any other possible cause, There are already known various arrangements for automatically stopping knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth. These known arrangements can be principally subdivided into two types The first type is based onl the principle to supervise the thread for

'breakage and running out of supply and the arrangement becomes operative when one of these two possibilities occurs The second type supervises the perfarmance of the needles etnd when needle breakage, usually latch breakages, occurs the machine is automatically stopped In the Iirst type thread detecting means are employed, while in the second type, needle detecting means are used In case one wishes to lobtain an automnatic stoppage of the machine, both on thread breakage and running out of the thread supply as well as on needle breakage and the like, the arrangement has to be provided at the same time both with thread detecting means on the one hand and with needle detecting means onthe lPrice 3 s 6 d l other hand, which obviously results in a rather complicated and also bulky construction This is also the case if both supervising mechanisms are coupled to a common stopping device In connection therewith it may be added that the knitted goods proper have also to be supervised, that is, it is desired to detect holes In the knitted goods With the hitherto known arrangements, it has not been possible to obtain a reliable supervision of holes because holes do not always result from thread or needle breakage or the running out of the thread supply 'For the purpose of efficiently supervising both the knitted goods and the knitting operation proper, it would thus be necessary to provide a third supervising means. The present invention aims at overcoming the above referred to drawbacks of the known arrangements and provides an arrangement for the automatic stoppage of knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth which supervises all the fault sources which may lead to faulty goods without necessitating the provision of separate parts whic act on the needles, the thread or the knitted goods It is intended to construct the arrangement in such a manner that the needles which, owing to damage thereto or thread, breakage or any other occurrence which may result in, a faulty product, themselves are employed as control means for the actuation of the stopping means. According to, the present invention' an arrangement for automatically stopping knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth is characterised by the provision of a tripping device arranged adjacent the stitch cam, the arrangement being such that the butts of any needles remaining in the knocked over position as a result of for example thread breakage or damage to the needle actuate said tripping device to initiate stoppage of the machine. By using the arrangement according to the invention the use of any kind of additional supervising means such as needle detectors or thread detecting devices is rendered super55965 1 &'rke L 21 2 785,651 fluous The needles themselves are utilised to effect the operation of means controlling the knitting machine to initiate stoppage on the occurrence of a fault.

It is preferable to arrange the controlling means adajcent the stitch cams in such a manner that the butts of the needles, which are displaced under the action of the drawing force of the knitted material pass freely in front of said means, while the butts of the needles which remain in the knocked over position which has been fixed by the stitch cam actuate the said means. The control means may comprise a tripping device consisting preferably and simply of a lever which is rockable about an axis extending at right angles to the plane of the needle row and which with its free end is within reach of the buts of the needles which remain in the kocked over position. In one of the known stoppage arrangements which works in dependence on a detecting device which acts e g on the head of the needles, one should note that independent of the mutual mechanical stress of these parts, there exists the drawback that the detecting device can only be used 'at an instant when all the needles of the needle bed are used for the loop formation If one for example works on a machine having two needle rows for producing 2 x 2 rib fabric this is not the case Contrary in the two needle rows certain predetermined needles are inl this case held in their inoperative position so that spaces occur in the needle rows These spaces permit the detector device to reach the operative position and would thus cause the stoppage of the machine This drawback is obviated by means of the arrangement of the invention By using the arrangement of the invention if for example a hook of a needle is brolken, this needle remains subsequent to the knocking over thereof by the stitch cam, in this position and causes immediately the stoppage of the machine The previous loop which in this manner has bee 1 dropped, can without difficulty be taken up again after replacement of the faulty needle, so that no hole in the knitted goods is ever formed Equally a collection of several loops on the needles can simply not occur any longer Needles which collect several loops would move so slowly that they could not be moved out of the knocking over position which fact again is sufficient to actuate the release of the stoppage arrangements. In order that the invention may be more clearly understood one embodiment thereof is illustrated by way of example only in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a bottom view of a cam plate of a, rib disc, Figure' 2 is a section along line A-B of figure 1, Figure 3 is a fragmentary view of the cam plate seen from above, Figure 4 shows the use of an additional means for increasing the drawing-off force of the goods, this Fig being shown as a cross section of the loop forming zone, and 70 Figures 5 and 6 show the arrangement of an indicating device for a stopping means for the needles which actuate the stoppage of the machine.

The cam plate 1 here shown comprises the 75 usual cam parts which in a known manner are fixed in the cam plate 1 partly rigidly and partly movably For the purpose of understanding the present invention only the stitch cams 3, 4 and the central cams '5 of the cam 80 parts are of interest The stitch cam 3 serves for the production of 1 x 1 rib fabric The stitch cam 4 is shown in Figure 1 in, dotted lines which stitch cam is employed in the manufacture of 2 x 2 rib fabric The needles 85 extend with their butts in the direction of the arrow 24 through the cham channels The switching device 7 of the stoppage arrangement is arranged immediately behind the stitch cam 3 or 4 It consists of a lever which 90 is rockable about an axis extending at right angles to the plane of the needle row, or it is carried 'by a corresponding, rockably mounted bolt 9 This lever projects with its free end into the needle butt channel, as can be seen 95 in particular from figure 1 In the central cam there is cut a bed 6 for the purpose of receiving the switching device 7 All the needles are drawn into the rearward end position by the stitch cam 3 and when, the point 100 x iof the stitch cam 3 has passed they are subjected to a pull exerted by the fabric as it is drawn from the machine This results in the fact that the butts of the needles which yield to this pull are slightly displaced as can 105 be seen from figure 1 However any broken needles, or needles which have become jammed in position will not be moved by the pull and will remain in the position fixed by the stitch cam 3, so that the butts of these 110 needles remain displaced in relation to the butts of the remaining needles Figure 1 shows the butt of such a needle which butt is indicated by reference numeral 2 The arrangement is made in such a manner, that the 115 butts of all the needles which are lifted under the action of the pull exerted by the knitted fabri&cpass fully in front of the switching device 7 The butt 2 of the needle which has remained in the position, fixed by the stitch 120 cams 3, however is within the path of movement of the switching device 7 and thus actuates the latter The switching device 7 is thereby rocked and thus releases the stoppage arrangement 125 For the passing through of the bolt 9 the cam plate 1 is provided with an oblong slot 11 The bolt 9 is mounted on a slide 16 which carries a guide member 10 for the bolt 9. The guide member 10 has the additional pur 130 785,651 onto the connection zone of the two last loop courses it draws aall these needles 30 and 31 into the lifted position' which have worked a faultless loop, The disc 36 is mounted on a carrier 37 The means which enhances the 70 drawing force of the knitted goods need obviously not consist of a turnable disc 36. Several other constructions of such means could be devised For instance it may consist of a device which is actuated by pressure 75 A

still further development of the arrangement according to the invention is illustrated in figures 5 and '6 This development is based Oon the principle that a machine which is mechanically driven has a predetermined 80 braking path First when the machine has traversed this' path it will stop The effect of any stoppage arrangement is therefore subject to a delay which practically is constant all the time, This fact has been utilized in such 85 a manner that the switching device 7 of the stoppage arrangement is arranged in a predetermined proportion to the common needle door As can be seen, in figure 6 the switching device 7 of the stoppage arrangement is 90 arranged behind the right handi needle sinker 3., The usual needle door is indicated by reference numeral 40 The arrangement is made in such;a manner, that the distance A of the switching device 7 to the needle door 95 corresponds to about the braking path of the machine When the switching device 7 has been actuated the machine will accordingly run out in such a manner, that the corresponding needle is within reach of the needle 100 door Advantageously, there is provided within the reach of the needle door, a pointer 41. If the mounting place 'of the pointer 41 is chosen in such a manner that its distance to the switching device 7 corresponds exactly to 105 the braking path of the machine, the pointer will then indicate precisely the faulty needle which is in need of being replaced The pointer arrangement can 'be adjusted and made more efficient by corresponding adjustment of 110 the braking arrangement of the machine. What we lain is:1 An arrangement for automatically stopping knitting machines of the kind hereinbefore set forth characterised by the provision 115 of a tripping device arranged adjacent the stitch 'cam, the arrangement being such that the butts of any needles remaining in the knocked over position as a result of for example thread breakage or damage to the 120 needle 'actuate said tripping device to initiate stoppage of the machine.


* GB785652 (A)

Description: GB785652 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Process for the production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers from animalproducts and fertilizers produced by such process

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,652 f i N ' Date of application and filing Complete Specification: April 28, 1955. No 12258/55. Application made il; Italy on May 8, 1954. \ /; Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 111, B 3 (A 4: C 3). International Classification:-CO 5 b, f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process for the Production of Organic Nitrogenous Fertilizers from Animal Products and Fertilizers Produced by such process We, ALBERTO CALDERONI, of 13, Via Pier Capponi, Milano, and VIR Gi Ni O VITA, of 14, Via Canova, Milano, both in Italy, both Italian Citizens, trading as CALDERONI & S Vir A, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to a process for the production of organic nitrogenous fertilizers from animal products or offals and to fertilizers produced by such process. It is known to produce organic fertilizers from animal offals by reacting such offals with chemical products or by biological processes, with a view to rendering the offals assimilable by plants and favourable to the microbiological fauna and flora of the soil. 2 o In agriculture, and particularly in horticulture and floriculture,

it is necessary to use fertilizers rich in proteinous nitrogen which, when soluble in water, is rapidly assimilated by the microbiological flora of the soil and by the plants and the object of the present invention is to produce a fertilizer having a very high content of proteinous nitrogen soluble in water. According to the present invention, the fertilizer is formed by treating animal hair or wool, e g wool offals, at atmospheric pressure and at a temperature below 100 C, preferably with heating, with caustic soda or caustic potash, or a solution thereof, so as to obtain a solid product which, after elimination of any excess of water, may be granulated or powdered in any suitable way. An acidic substance may be used to neutralize any alkalinity in the product, and such substance, for instance an acid, may be added during or after the processing of the reaction product. The amount of caustic soda or potash used may vary within very wide limits, but it will preferably be such as to give to the finished product a low alkalinity, for instance, wool lPrice 3 s 6 d l offals may advantageously be treated with from 6 to 8 per cent of caustic soda or potash. According to one way of carrying out the 50 invention, wool offals, the by-products of the carding machines, the loppings and shearings of textiles, are wetted with water and thoroughly mixed in suitable tubs with the alkaline reagent The mixture is then heated 55 until a thick liquid mass is formed and until it has coagulated or hardened. According to another way of carrying out the invention, the material to be treated is mixed dry with the alkaline reactant and then 60 moistened with water and heated in suitable boilers or tubs until a thick liquid mass is formed and until coagulation or hardening of the mass takes place. According to still another way of carrying 65 out the invention the hair or wool is treated in apparatus operating in a continuous manner; for instance the reactants may be fe&d to a tubular or other reaction vessel and carried therethrough by means of an Archi 70 median screw or other conveyor that mixes them, the mixture being heated and then cooled in its travel through the reaction vessel and finally ground. The caustic soda or potash may be incor 75 porated with the dry hair or wool or with the moistened hair or wool during its passage through the reaction vessel. A substance to neutralize alkalinity of the resulting product may be added at a suitable to stage in the process. The final composition of the resulting product may be varied by the addition of other organic or inorganic substances, and such substances may or may not take part in the SS reaction For instance, a phosphatic or more complex fertilizer may be added to the organic material.

I A boiler fitted with a mixer may be used in which the exothermic reaction of the caus 90 tic reagent with water is utilized The reaction gases may be used either for the production of the heat necessary for the reaction itself and for the elimination of the excess water, or for the recovery of by-products, e.g lanoline.


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