5651 5655.output

* GB786059 (A)

Description: GB786059 (A) ? 1957-11-13

N-substituted sultams and a process of production

Description of GB786059 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

[75][(1)__Select language] Translate this text into

The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION ___ Date of Applic No 11 m 121154. Application mc Complete Spec 786,059 ation and filing Complete Specification: April 15, 1954. rde in Germany on May 28, 1953. ification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 1 84, C 2 (B 34: D 6: 1 D 7: D 48), C 3 (A 16: C 6). International Classification:-CO 7 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION N-Substituted' Sultams and a Process 'a iduction We, Ru EHRCHEMIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, Oberhausen-Holten, Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to novel organic compounds of the general formula: R -X-R SO R' in which R is an aliphatic, straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon bridge containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and (i) R 1-X denotes CH, or (ii) X denotes -CH,-, Q O O 11 -S or -Cand R 1 is a hydrocarbon radical or a substituted hydrocarbon radical. Thus the group R 1 X may, in addition to being a metyl y p, be a

benzyl group, an acetyl group, a p-nitrobenzoyl group, a ptoluene-sulphonyl group, a 4-aminobenzenesulphonyl group, or a 4-aminobenzenesulphonyl group substituted at the nitrogen atom by an acyl group, for example, an acetyl group. The invention also provides a process for the production of the N-substituted sultams defined above The N-substituted sultams may readily be prepared if a sultam of the formula HN SO 2 R in which R is an aliphatic straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon bridge containing 3 or 4 carbon atoms, or an N-alkali metal salt thereof, for example, N-sodium butane sultam, is reacted with a halide of the formula R 1-X-Hlg in which Hlg is the halogen atom, such as an alkyl halide, aralkyl halide, open chain aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid halide or sulphonic acid halide. The reaction proceeds according to the following general equation: R'-X-Hlg + 1-N O 2- R -X-N 82 + W Hlg RI R In this equation, R', X, R and Hlg have the same meanings as hereinbefore given while M is an alkali metal or hydrogen. The sultams required as the starting material may be produced from aliphatic amines by first converting the amines with hydrogen chloride into amine hydrochlorides The amine hydrochlorides, preferably while being irradiated with actinic light, are treated with sulphur dioxide and chlorine-containing gas mixtures This results in the formation of (Price amino-sulphochloride hydrochlorides while hydrogen chloride is eliminated The amino 55 sulphochloride hydrochlorides can be converted into sultams by means of a caustic base. Other methods for the production of sultams include the thermal cyclisation of chlorinated aliphatic sulphonamides (see Helberger, 60 " Liebig's Annalen," Vol 562, -page 33 ( 1949)) and the treatment of omega-oxyalkane-sulphonamides with ammonia. The following are examples of the sultams which may be used as reactants: gamma-propane sultam (I), alpha-methylgamma-jpropape sultam (II), be- a-methylgamma-propane sultan (III), and deltabutane sultam (IV). CH 2 CH 2 CE 2 NH so 2 (ly) CH CH -CH 2 1 1 CH 2 NH so 2 (III) C Hi CH 2 12 1 Can 3 C\ XH so 2 (II) (IV) Since the sulphamide group in the sultams does not exhibit a basic character, the reactivity with organic halogen compounds is reduced to such an extent that a direct conversion for the production of the N-substituted sultnams of the invention will generally not be completely successful The conversion, however, proceeds much more readily if the reaction is effected with the N-alkali metal compounds of the sultams or in the presence of a strong alkali, different operating methods being possible depending on the reactivity of the organic halogen compounds. It is most advantageous to have the alkali metal salt of the sultams

available as the starting material Alkali metal sultams can be produced in the following manner by allowing alkali metal, alkali metal alkoxides or alkali metal hydroxides to act upon sultam solutions: a) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of alkali metal on a solution of the sultams in an inert solvent, as, for example, in benzene or ether. b) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of an alcoholic solution of an alkali metal alkoxide on an alcoholic solution of the sultams. c) By the action of an equimolecular quantity of alkali metal hydroxide on an alcoholic solution of the sultams. The preparation mentioned under a) above is preferably effected at temperatures in the range 30 -80 C while stirring The suspensions thereby obtained of the N-alkali metal sultam in the organic solvent may be used as such in the process of the invention The alkali metal sultams are obtained in the solid form by evaporating the solvent or by removing the solvent by suction-filtration 45 The formation of the alkali metal sultams by the methods mentioned under b) and c) above is effected by simply admixing the reactants together at room temperature The alkali metal sultain is obtained in the solid 50 form by evaporating the alcoholic solution to dryness. Sodium or potassium in the metallic form or as alkoxide or hydroxide is preferably used for the preparation of alkali metal sultams 55 The alkali metal sultams are colourless solid salts which are readily soluble in water and alcohols, but insoluble in most other organic solvents. The conversion of the alkali metal sultams 60 with organic halogen compounds to yield the N-substituted sultams of the invention may be effected with or without the use of a diluent. When a diluent is used, the alkali metal sultam mqy be suspended or dissolved in water or an 65 organic solvent, for example in benzene, toluene, dioxan or ether, and while being stirred and, if required, heated, is mixed with an equimolecular amount of the halogen compound The quantity of the diluent may vary 70 within wide limits, but is suitably chosen such that the N-substituted sultams formed are dissolved by the diluent and only the alkali metal halide remains undissolved It is generally sufficient to use the diluent in amount of from 75 five to ten times that of the alkali metal sultam. The temperature at which the reaction is effected is dependent on the reactivity of the organic halogen compound With carboxylic 80 acid halides, the reaction will even proceed at room temperature With aromatic sulphochlorides, heating at 50 -80 ' C for several hours is generally required for the conversion. Alkyl halides, preferably used as iodides, re 85 quire more severe

conditions for complete conversion with the alkali metal sultams Heating in a pressure tube for 10-24 hours at -150 C constitutes an advantageous method for use with the alkyl halides 90 The completion of the reaction is shown when the alkali metal saltam, which has a strong basic reaction, is consumed and the reaction mixture does not give an alkaline reaction upon the addition of water 95 The isolation of the N-substituted sultams formed is effected by evaporating the filtered reaction solution Upon recrystallisation of the residue from aqueous alcohol, the N-substituted sultams are obtained in a substantially 100 pure, crystalline form. The reaction of the alkali metal sultam with the organic halogen compound in the absence of a diluent is particularly preferred when an alkyl halide is used In this case, the alkali, 105 metal sultam is heated for several hours at -150 C with excess alkyl halide The 786,059 action to litmus paper The solution was then allowed to stand for two, hours at room temperature, and afterwards it was acidified with a little concentrated hydrochloric acid and exhaustively extracted with ether in an extracting apparatus The ether extract was completely freed from ether and moisture under vacuum on a water bath The residue consisted of 30 grams of a colourless oil from which tetragonal crystals gradually separated After 3 to days, the precipitated crystals were separated They amounted to about 5 grains and consisted of pure delta-butane sultam (IV) having the following formula: reaction with an aromatic sulphochloride in the absence of a diluent occurs very much more readily; the reaction can be carried out in a few minutes by simply fusing the sulphochloride together with an equimolecular quantity of the alkali metal sultam at 50 1500 C. The reaction of the initial sultam, as such, with the halogen compound may be effected in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal carbonate with the sultam dissolved in water or in an organic solvent. N-acylated sultams may be prepared without the previous separate formation of the alkali metal salts of the initial sultams by dissolving the sultana in an aqueous alkaline medium, preferably in sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution, and adding an approximately equimolecular amount of an acid chloride The mixture is stirred until the reaction mixture has a neutral reaction. In cases where the acid halide hydrolyses easily, the reaction is preferably carried out at low temperatures. The organic halogen compound used for the reaction may be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid halide and sulphonic acid halide or any substituted compound thereof When alkyl and aralkyl halides are used, it is advisable to employ only the more

active members such for example, as methyl iodide, ethyl iodide and benzyl chloride. The N-substituted sultams may be used for pharmaceutical purposes and as starting materials for organic syntheses. PREPARATION 1. Production of delta-butane sultam and alphamethyl gamma-propane sultan. HCI gas was introduced into a solution of grams n-butylamine and 300 cc carbon tetrachloride until the solution had an acid reaction to litmus and the butylamine had been converted into n-butylamine hydrochloride. The n-butylamine hydrochloride was sulphochlorinated at 300-400 C by treating the mixture with sulphur dioxide and chlorine in a ratio by volume of 13:1 while irradiating with a mercury vapour lamp and while vigorously stirring the reaction mixture After 6 hours, the sulpho-chlorination was terminated A crystalline reaction product was obtained which in addition to unchanged n-butylamine hydrochloride contained large amounts of aminobutane-sulphochloride hydrochloride and very small amounts of chlorinated butylamine hydrochloride The crystalline product was separated from the carbon tetrachloride by suction-filtration and was washed with 50 cc. chloroform. The sulpho-chlorination mixture thus obtained was dissolved in 250 cc ice water and slowly mixed at O C with sufficient 9-normal caustic soda solution, while stirring, until the reaction solution had a permanent alkaline re(It) The liquid portion freed from the precipitated crystals amounted to 25 grams and consisted of practically pure alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam (H) having the following formula: 85 CH CIH 2 Ce 3 -CH N ( 02 (P.) The constitution of the sultams (II) and (IV) was confirmed by hydrolysis with concentrated hydrochloric acid, 1-aminoo-butane-sulphonic-( 3) acid and 1-aminobutane-sulphonic( 4) acid being obtained respectively. PREPARATION 2. Production of delta-butane sultam potassium. 13.5 grams of delta-butane sultam were added to 100 cc of a solution of 5 6 grams of potassium hydroxide in methanol The solution was then sharply evaporated to dryness at 100 C under vacuum The solid residue obtained consisted of delta-butane sultanapotassium. PREPARATION 3. Production of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam sodium. a) A solution of 13 5 grams of alphamethyl-gamma-propane sultam in 100 cc. absolute benzene was mixed with 2 3 grams of sodium and, while stirring, heated at 60-70 ' C until the sodium had completely 786,059

dissolved Simultaneously, a voluminous precipitate of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam sodium separated The benzene suspension could directly be used for further conversions with reactive halogen compounds. b) 13 5 grams of alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam were added to a solution of 5.4 grams of sodium methoxide in 100 cc. methanol and the reaction solution was then evaporated to dryness on a water bath The residue was a colourless solid product consisting of practically pure sodium alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam. PREPARATION 4. Production of gamma-propane sultam. grams of n-propylamine were dissolved in 300 cc of carbon tetrachloride and converted into the propylamine hydrochloride by passing in HC 1 gas The n-propylamine hydrochloride was sulphochlorinated with sulphur dioxide and chlorine in the manner described for the alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, the sulphochlorination being continued for 20 hours The solid sulphochlorination product formed was separated by suction-filtration, washed with chloroform, dissolved in 200 cc ice water and made weakly alkaline by shaking with 9-normal caustic soda solution The isolation of the gamma-pro3 j pane-sultam was effected, as described for the alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, by extracting the acidified reaction solution with ether The gamma-propane sultam was an oily colourless liquid which after saponification with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave pure 1-amino-propane sulphonic-( 3) acid The yield amounted to 15-20 grams. PREPARATION 5. Production of gamma-propane sultam, sodium. 12 grams of gamma-propane sultam were added to a solution which had been prepared by dissolving 2 3 grams of sodium in 100 cc. of absolute methanol Evaporation of the reaction solution under vacuum at 100 ' C resulted in a solid colourless product which practically consisted of pure gamma-propane sultam sodium. EXAMPLE 1. Production of N-(benzoyl)-alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam. The whole of the dispersion of sodium alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam in 100 cc absolute benzene obtained in Preparation 3 (a) was mixed with 14 grams of benzoyl chloride while shaking After one hour, the precipitate was filtered under suction, the filtrate was evaporated and the residue thoroughly washed first with a little ether and then with water Recrystallisation of the residue from dilute alcohol resulted in 15 1 grams of N-(benzoyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam which had a melting point of 1180 C, the formula CI 1 H,0,,NS and a molecular weight of

239 28. C H 0 N S Calculated: 55.02 % 5.47 % 20.07 % 5.85 % 13.40 % Found: 55.02 % 5.57 % 20.60 % 5.40 % 13.28 % EXAMPLE 2. Production of N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)-alphamethyl-gamma-propane sultam. 27 grams of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam were dissolved in 200 cc of normal caustic soda solution and vigorously shaken for 4 hours at 100 C with 38 grams of p-toluenesulphochloride The reaction mixture was filtered under suction and the precipitate so recovered was washed several times with ether. Recrystallisation from alcohol resulted in 33 grams of N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam having a melting point of 1790 G, the formula Cif H 104 NS, and a molecular weight of 298 36. C H Calculated: 45.65 %,'0 5.19 % Found: 45.57 % 5.20 % EXAMPLE 3. Production of N-( 4-Acetamino-benzene-sul 90 phonyl-l)-alpha-methyl gamma propane sultam. 24 grams of 4-acetamino-benzene-sulphonic( 1) acid chloride and 15 7 grams of sodiumalpha-methyl-gammna-propane sultam (the pro 95 duct of Preparation 3 b), in a round bottomed flask provided with stirrer, were heated on a water bath Reaction took place with effervescence The pasty reaction mixture was stirred for half an hour at 100 C and after 100 cooling digested several times with ether The mixture was washed with water until the washwater no longer gave an alkaline reaction Th; crystal slurry thereby obtained was recrystallised from dilute alcohol resulting in 25 grams 105 of N-( 4-acetamino-benzene-sulphonyl-l)-alphamethyl gamma propane sultam having a melting point of 2030 C, the formula C 1.H O 5 N 252 and a molecular weight of 332 39 lin Calculated: Found: C 43 35 %, 43 56 % H 4 85 % 4 98 % 0 24 08 % 23 79 % N 8 43 % 8 31 % S 19 28 % 19 01 % grams of the N-( 4-acetamino-benzeneLAV sulphonyl-l)-alpha methyl gamma-propane sultam obtained were heated in 100 cc dilute hydrochloric acid (density 1 08) for 15 minutes 120 at 1000 C After cooling, 5 2 grams of N-( 4amino benzene sulphonyl-l) alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam precipitated in thin 786,059 786,059 flakes By recrystallisation from a relatively large amount of water, the sultam was obtained in the form of needles having a melting point of 1530 C. C H EXAMPLE 4. Production of N-methyl-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam. 8 grams of sodium-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam and 14 2 grams of

methyl iodide in 50 cc alcohol were heated for 3 hours under reflux and then evaporated under vacuum on a water bath The liquid residue was dissolved in water, the aqueous solution shaken several times with petroleum ether and then exhaustively extracted with ether in an extracting apparatus Evaporation of the ether extract resulted in 6 grams of a viscous oil, the chemical compositions of which co responded to that of N-methyl-alpha-methylgamma-propane sultam. Formula: CQH,,0 NS; molecular weight: 149 21; refractive index n D 42 = 1 4750. EXAMPLE 6. Production of N-(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam. grams of alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam were suspended in 200 cc absolute ether and mixed with 10 grams of,acetyl chloride in portions at room temperature while shaking After filtration of the reaction solution, the ether solution was evaporated on a water bath and the oily residue was freed from ether and excess acetyl chloride at 100 C. under water jet vacuum The liquid product obtained amounted to 17 5 grams and was N(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam having a refractive index n,'0 of 1 4905. The N-(acetyl)-alpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam upon hydrolysis by boiling with water, gave the original sultam and acetic acid. C H Calculated: 40.24 % 7.43 %. 21.45 % Found: 40.130/% 7.36 % 21.56 % By heating with 6-normal HCI in a closed tube for 16 hours at 1200 C, the N-methylalpilh, methyl gamma propane sultam was hydrolysed forming 1-methylamine butane sulphonic-( 3) acid as may be seen from the following analysis of the isolated reaction product: Formula: CH 130,NS; molecular weight: 167 22. C H 0 N S Calculated: 35.91 % 7.78 % 28.71 % 8.38 % 19.16 % Found: 35.15 % 7.81 % 28.33 % 8.09 % 18.98 % EXAMPLE 5. Production of N-benzyl-alpha-methyl-gammapropane sultam. 8 grams of sodium-alpha-methylgammapropane sultam were dissolved in 50 cc of alcohol and heated with 12 grams of benzyl chloride for 12 hours at 1000 C The reaction mixture was filtered from the precipitated sodium chloride and evaporated under vacuum on a water bath The liquid residue obtained was first washed several times with petroleum ether and then with water The remaining liquid largely consisted of pure N-benzylalpha-methyl-gamma-propane sultam, for hydrolytic cleavage with 6-normal H Cl for 16 hours at 1200 C resulted -in 7 grams of 1benzyl-amino-butane sulphonic-( 3) acid, the analysis of which gave

the following results: Formula: C 1 l H 703 NS; molecular weight: 243 11. EXAMPLE 7. Production of N-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-delta-butane sultam. A mixture of 8 grams of the delta-butane sultam potassium obtained in Preparation 2 and 9 grams of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride were melted together at 1000 C and maintained at this temperature for 15 minutes while stirring The cooled melt was digested with 100 cc of ether and then washed with water until the wash water no longer gave an alkaline reaction Recrystallisation from alcohol resulted in N-(pnitrobenzoyl)-delta-butane sultam in the form of needles which had a melting point of 950 C. EXAMPLE 8. Production of N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)-deltabutane sultam. 6.75 grams of delta-butane sultam potas 100 sium and 9 grams of p-toluene-sulphochloride were heated, in the manner described in Example 7, for 30 minutes at 800-1000 C while stirring The melt obtained was first washed with 20 cc of ether and then with sufficient 105 water until the wash-water no longer had an alkaline reaction The residue obtained was dissolved hot in a little methanol Upon cooling to 100 C, N-(p-toluene-sulphonyl)delta-butane sultam precipitated in the form 110 of needles which had a melting point of 172 C. EXAMPLE 9. Production of N-(acetyl)-gamma-propane sultam. grams of acetyl chloride were added in 115 portions to a suspension of 10 grams of gamma-propane sultam sodium in 100 cc of absolute ether while shaking After half an hour, the mixture was filtered The ether solution was evaporated on a water bath and 120 freed under vacuum from traces of ether and Calculated: 54.29 % 6.99 % 19.74 % Found: 54.01 % 6.99 % 20.11 % acetyl chloride The product obtained was an oily liquid which gave acetic acid and gammapropane sultam upon hydrolysis by boiling with water.

* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice * Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB786060 (A)

Description: GB786060 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to data storage devices

Description of GB786060 (A)

A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

US2828418 (A) US2828418 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventors: LORIN KNIGHT and ALEC TRUSSELL 786,060 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 20, 1954. No 14828/54. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), C( 1 B: 4 A: 5: 6). International Classification:-GO 6 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements' in or relating to Data 'Storage Devices We, THE BRITISH TABULATING MACHINE COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of 17 Park Lane, London, W 1, do hereby declare the inventionl, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method 'by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to electronic data storage devices. In British Patent Specification No 707,359 there is described a data storage device which is particularly suitable for storing data sensed from a punched card and allowing subsequent read out of the data to an electronic calculating or computing machine This employs a capacitor

in the cathode circuit of a valve, the charge on the capacitor representing a data item The object of the present invention is to provide a simplified form of data storage device, utilising a capacitor which may be charged to one or the other of two voltages According to the invention, a data storage device comprises a capacitor, means for setting the charge on the capacitor so that the voltage across the capacitor has a first or a second, value respectively indicative of the presence or absence of a data item, the capacitor storing the data indication after the setting means are no longer effective, a diode, means for biassing the diode by the voltage across the capacitor in such manner that discharge of the capacitor through the diode cannot occur, the diode being substantially non-conducting for each of said voltages, means for applying a pulse to the diode subsequent to the time when the setting means become no longer effective, the pulse being of such amplitude that the diode is rendered conductive to pass the pulse only if the capacitor is charged to the voltage of the first value, and a load circuit across which a voltage is developed when the diode conducts. The invention will now 'be described 'by way of example, with reference to the accomlPxice 3 s 6 d l panying drawing, which is a diagram of a circuit employing three storage devices. The storage devices are to 'be used to store data from punched, recordl cards, which are sensed by a conventional sensing roll 2 and brushes 1 The roll 2 is connected to a ground line 4 by a common brush 3. The data from one column 'of a card is stored by a capacitor 5 This capacitor may be charged, through a semi-conductor diode 6, 'by setting a switch 7 to connect the diode to a -93 volt supply line 8 The switch 7 may conveniently be operated by a cam which is driven in synchronism with the sensing roll 2 The switch 17 is operated to charge the capacitor 5 before each index point position of the cardl is sensed. The capacitor 5 is connected to one of the brushes 1, through a resistor 9 The capacitor is also connected to the ground line 4, through a resistor 10, a diode 11 and a resistor 12 When the capacitor is charged, and the switch 7 is in the position shown, the voltage is applied in the reverse direction across the diodes' 6 and 11. The reverse resistance of the diodes is sufficiently high to maintain the voltage across the capacitor substantially constant during the sensing of a card, when the value of the capacitor is of the order of 25 microfarads Thus, the capacitor will 'only be appreciably discharged if the brush 1 is allowed to make contact with the roll 2, by a hole in the card. This allows the capacitor to 'discharge rapidly through the resistor

9, A Mjer each index point has been sensed, a positive pulse of approximately 50 volts amplitude is applied to the anode of the diode 11, via a line 13 ( 1) and a capacitor 14 If the capacitor 5 ' is charged, the pulse will not overcome the biassing voltage on the diode, which will remain non-conducting If the brush 1 has discharged the capacitor, the diode 11 will conduct when the pulse is applied, and a positive pulse will be fed to the grid of a valve V 1, via a capacitor 15 and a grid current limiting resistor 16 Thus the valve V 1 will only receive a pulse when a hole has been sensed at the corresponding index point A capacitor 27 serves to attenuate any unwanted pulses, which may occur due to the self-capacitance of the diode 11. Capacitors 17 and 18 are connected to form storage circuits similar to that of the capacitor The discharging of these capacitors is controlled by the other brushes 1, which sense two further columns of the card Read out pulses are applied to these storage circuits, via lines 13 ( 2) and 13 ( 3) The outputs of the circuit are also fed to the valve V 1, by capacitors 19 and 20. The grid of the valve V 1 is connected to a -20 volt bias line 21, through a resistor 22, so that the valve is normally non-conducting The anode of the valve is connected to a + 160 volt supply line 23 through an anode load resistor 25 An output line 24 is fed from the anode, via a capacitor 26 Thus, a positive pulse fed to the grid of V 1 will produce a negative pulse on the output line 24 Positive pulses are fed sequentially to the lines 13 ( 1), 13 ( 2) and 13 ( 3) If all three of the brushes 1 sense holes at a particular index point, then the valve V 1 -will produce a sequence of three pulses on the output line 24, so converting the parallel sensing of the card to serial representation on the output line. The use of the storage device in conjunction with an electronic calculator is described in specification No 767,692 In one form, the pulses on the output line 24 are fed to four gates, which are controlled by cam contacts operated in synchronism with the card sensing mechanism The output lines from the gates represent the values 1, 2, 4 and 8, and the contacts control the gates so that, at the " 7 " index point for example, a single pulse on the line 24 produces an output from the gates representing the values 1, 2 and 4 The output pulses from the gates are fed to a shifting register, which receives shifting pulses synchronised with the pulses on the lines 13. In another form, a group of four storage devices are used to represent the values 1, 2, 4 and 8, so that each group may store one decimal, or duo-decimal, digit The storage capacitors are then discharged under control of relay contacts, and are re-charged once each card sensing cycle.

It may be pointed out that if the pulses on the lines 13 are of short duration, several pulses may be applied without greatly altering the voltage across the storage capacitor This allows the same data to be read out a number of times, for each input to the storage device. It will be appreciated that negative read out pulses may be used, if the relative polarities of the diodes and the bias voltages are reversed The valve V 1 is then operated in a 65 normally conducting condition. A suitable card sensing mechanism is also shown in specification No 767,692.


* GB786061 (A)

Description: GB786061 (A) ? 1957-11-13

High-strength corrosion-resistant bodies and production thereof


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 15, 1954. 7865061 No 17595/54. a r k} Application made in United States of America on June 22, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Glasses 1 ( 2), E 1 Al; 82 ( 1), A( 8 A 2:8 Z 4:11), Y( 1:2 A 2:2 Z 4). International Classification:-B 23 n, C 01 b, C 22 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION High-strength Corrosion-resistant Bodies and Production thereof We, AMERICAN ELECTRO METAL CORPOR Af ION, a Corporation of the State of Maryland, United States of America, of Yonkers, New York, United

States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:This invention relates to structural materials or compositions of matter which exhibit high hot strength, high heat shock resistance and high corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, and to the production of such materials. Chromium has long been known as a material which has high corrosion resistance at high temperatures, this corrosion resistance being secured by the formation of a corrosion resistant chromium oxide surface stratum on the chromium surface which is exposed to oxidizing combustion gases at high temperatures However, chromium has only relatively low creep resistance at high temperatures, and for this reason, chromium cannot be used by itself in applications which require low creep resistance at high temperatures. It has been previously suggested that this disadvantage may be overcome by combinin the chromium with boron A material of this kind has been sold under the Registered Trade Mark "Colmonoy" and contains as principal ingredients three chromium borides Or B 2, Cr B and Cr,312, and the conglomerate of these three chromium borides, may also contain in free, compounded or alloyed state, minor further additions of chromium, boron, aluminium and iron. However, the known "Colmonoy" material has excessive brittleness and could not be utilized for producing, either by itself or by cementing particles thereof with any of the known cementing additions, a cemented material that would exhibit the required high strength, and that would have the capacity of elastically yielding under a load at elevated 50 temperatures. One aspect of the present invention is based on the discovery that by combining chromium with dichromium boride Cr 2 B which has many desirable characteristics 55 that make it superior to other chromium boride compounds, to wit, Cr 132, Cr B and Cr 3 82, there is obtained a material of high hot strength and corrosion resistance which is much superior to either Cr 2 B or 60 Cr when used alone for producing high temperature metal parts which present critical corrosion problems and require substantial hot strength. An X-ray study of the crystalline 65 structure of dichromium boride Cr 2 B indicates that it has an orthorhombic cell of the following parameters: a= 14 70 X; bl-7 34 A; and c:= 4 29 A Its specific gravity is 6 2 gram/cc, and 70 it has a micro hardness of Vickers DPH 1433 It has a melting point between about 1650 and 17500 C The dichromium boride Cr 2 B will take about 20 % chromium in solid solution and has a much higher 75 order of ductility than other refractory metal borides.

The present invention provides a new structural material which in addition to exhibiting high strength, heat shock resis 80 tance and corrosion resistance at elevated temperature, also exhibits a substantial desired degree of ductility, the new material combining the dichromium boride Cr 2 B with chromium By choosing the S 5 proportion of the excess chromium, the material may be given the desired degree of strength and corrosion resistance as well as the desired degree of ductility at elevated temperatures, 90 depending on the temperature at which it is to be used. j 1 ru f 786,061 The new diehromium boride-excesschromium material of the invention may to advantage also contain 0 1 to 1 0 % of chromium oxide Cr 2 03 For best results, S it should be free of carbon impurities greater than 0 1 % and of iron impurities greater than 0 1 to 0 15 % (Throughout the specification and claims, all proportions are given in weight, unless otherwise lo specifically stated) This new material of the invention may be described as boronpoor or boron-deficient dichromium boride material For securing the minimum required increase in creep-resistanee over pure chromium, it should contain a minimum of 0 59 % boron, and its boron content should not be higher than 4 71 % the balance being chromiu m Tests indicate that the Cr 2 B plus Cr material has a eutectic composition for 4 8 % boron content, the eutectie temperature being about 15001 C at which the material forms a liquid phase. The dichromium boride material Cr 2 l B vitlhout and with the excess of chromium may be produced by direct synthesis from chromium and boron each having a purity of at least 95 % For best results, the impurities should not exceed 2 5 %, and preferably, the impurities should be only 0.5 % or less The commercially available electrolytic chromium and commercially available amorphous boron of such purity may be used for producing this material. Instead of amorphous boron, crystalline boron may be used In producing the diehromium boride with the desired excess of chromium or without it, chromium and boron powders are mixed in stoichiomtieteric proportions corresponding to Cr 2 B with or without the desired excess of chromium, and the mixed powder ingredients are subjected to a heat treatment in which the boron powder combines with the chromium into dichromium boride Cr 2 B. Satisfactory results are obtained by mixing the proportions of the chromium and the boron powders of a particle size of 4 to 5 microns, and thereafter further rmixing the powder mixture as in a ball mill, to effect thorough mixture of the different powders and their comminution to about 1/2 to 2 microns particle size Good results are obtained by comminuting the individual powders in a gas vortex type pulverizing mill to a particle size of 4 to microns and subsequently ball-milling the mixture of the two powders for about

34 hours Tests indicate that mixing by ball-milling beyond about 54 hours does not yield an improved final material. The ball-rilled mixture of the powder ingredients is then heated in a protective atmosphere within a crucible between 651300 to 13500 C or in general, between 1000-20000 C until the amorphous boron has been purified and the reaction between the chromium and boron has reached equilibrium condition Good results are obtained with a heat treatment of from one 70 to two hours which yields the body of diehromium boride Cr 2 B with or without the desired excess of chromium, depending on the proportions of the powder ingredients in the starting powder mix 75 ture The amorphous boron contains magnesium oxide as major impurity and the heat treatment at 13000 C in a hydrogen atmosphere within a graphite crucible reduces the magnesium oxide to mag 80 nesium, and the resulting magnesium volatilizes at 13000 C_ leaving ill the crucible the purified boron whielh forms the desired Cr 2 B as the equilibrium conditions are reached in the heat treatment 85 Alternatively, the dichromium boride Cr 2 B with or without the desired excess of chromium may be obtained by mixing electrolytic chromium and purified boron in the desired final proportions in which 90 ease the initial comminution of the individual powders by a Gaseous vortex pulverizing mill is not required This procedure requires boron of the highest possible purity of at least 95 % as 95 chemically analyzed The properly proportioned mixture of the electrolytic chromium and pure boron powder ingredients is then ball-lilled and then subjected to a similar heat treatment in a 10 graphite crucible within a hydrogen atmosphere at 1300 'C to 1:3500 C until the reaction yields at equilibrium condition the diehromium boride Cr B, with or without the desired excess of chromium 105 It is desirable to keep the boron content of the powder nlixture to at most 471 o so that the resulting material shall b)e free of the boron richer chromium borides Cr B, Cr B 2 and Crn B-2 110 The carbon impurities of the powder mixture should be kept not larger than 0.1 % Iron impurities of about 0 1 to 0.15 % that are introduced by ball-milling with steel balls, are not harmful, but may 115 be eliminated by leaching, as with II Cl. Shaped articles of high strength, creep resistance, heat-shock resistance and resistance to corrosion at elevated temperatures and having also desired duetility at such 120 temperatures, may be produced out of powder particles of diehromium boride Cr 2 B and excess chromium i)y powder metallurgy techniques or ceramic teehniques, illcludilg hot-pressing as well as 125 cold-pressingl or hydrostatic pressing of the desired shapes followed hy sinterini The lhot-nressing anl the sinterine of conmpacted bodies slhould be carried out at temperatures between 13200 and l:5000 130 786,061 Where the boron content of the combined body is in excess of 4 %, the

heating temperatures may be increased up to 1700 C Good results are obtained by hot-pressing and sintering of the compacted powder bodies in an oxidizing atmosphere, sueh as oxygen or air, or in an inert atmosphere such as helium or argon or in vacuum Nitrogen atmospheres should not be used It is also detrimental to carry on these hot-pressing or sintering treatments in a earbonaceous and/or hydrogen atmosphere, since carbon and hydrogen will tend to reduce chromium oxides which are desirable in the final product Heating in a carbonaceous and/or hydrogen atmosphere causes embrittlelnent and lowering of the physical properties of the resulting cemented bodies. Satisfactory cemented bodies may be produced by hot-pressing at temperatures of 1400 to 1900 CC with pressures of 1/2 to 1 1/2 tsi (tons per square inch) In making bodies by compacting followed by sintering, good results are obtained by compacting the powder mixture with 2 to 4 tsi and sintering the compact at temperatures above 13500 C and close to the melting point of chromium metal When hot-pressing, the die should be of a material which does not produce a carbonaceous atmosphere within the die cavity Dies of zirconium diboride Zr B 2 bonded with 2 to 7 % excess boron containing 4 to 33 atomic per cent carbon in solid solution or of silicon carbide bonded by silicon nitride, are suitable, in which case the hot-pressing may be done with up to about 10 to 12 tsi If a graphite die is used, the die cavity should be coated with a refractory cement such as zirconium oxide cement, titanium oxide cement, or like cements which are free of or very poor in carbon at the hot-pressing temperature. In the accompanying drawings the curves of Figs 1-7 give the physical characteristics of cemented bodies of the invention containing Cr 2 B + Cr, and obtained by synthesis, of chromium with amorphous boron in the manner described hereinabove Similar bodies made with pure crystalline boron have generally similar characteristics, although they vary in some respects. The graph of Fig I indicates the density of a cemented body formed of Cr 2 B plus Cr with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %. In Fig 2 curves 12, 13 show the transverse rupture strength for cemented material or body of Cr 2 B + Cr at 1000 CC, with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 % Maximum transverse rupture strength is at about 3.5 % Cr 2 B content Bodies with a Cr 2 B content exceeding 50 % have relatively low ductility. In Fig 3 graph 15 shows the average Rockwell A hardness for bodies of Cr 2 B plus Cr, with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %. Maximum hardness is obtained at about % Cr 2 B content 70 In Fig 4 graph 16 shows the electrical resistivity of a cemented body of Cr 2 B+Cr, with Cr 2 B increasing to 100 %. The electrical resistivity increases linearly as the Cr 2 B content

increases above 10 % 75 Chromium will take approximately 0 9 to 1 % by weight of boron in solution and this fact may explain the break in this graph at 10 % Cr 2 B content, representing a composition containing about 095 % 80 boron. Fig 5 shows graphs of the oxidation resistance in air and in combustion atmospheres of three bodies of different Cr 2 B content as a function of time Graph 85 17-1 applies to a body containing 15 % Cr 2 B, graph 17-2 to one containing 30 % Cr 2 B, and graph 17-3 to one containing % Cr 2 B, the balance chromium They show that the corrosion resistance of these 90 materials is excellent and that after the first 200 hours, in which a chromium oxide film develops on the exterior of the body, the further weight gain is very small. Even after 1000 hours exposure to oxidiz 95 ing conditions, the appearance of all specimens was excellent and they kept their sharp corners and their original transverse rupture strength. In Fig 6, curve 18 shows the transverse 100 rupture strength for a body containing % Cr 2 B and 70 % Cr for increasing temperatures and that it was in excess of 90,000 psi (pounds per square inch) between 12000 and 12500 C The cemented 105 material of the invention containing Cr 2 B+Cr has also" substantial ductility which may be increased by increasing the excess chromium content provided it does not exceed 90 % as otherwise its creep 11 o resistance is impaired The ductility decreases as the boron content increases. The table below shows the loads which cause observable bending of molybdenum and "Stellite" No 31 (alloy of Cr, Ni, 115 Mo, W, Fe and Co) in comparison with desirable Cr 2 B + Cr materials of the invention at 10000 and 11000 C ("Stellite" is a Registered Trade Lark) TABLE 1 Tempera Load for Material tures C Observable bend in psi. Molybdenum 1000 25,000 1100 16,500 "Stellite" No 31 1000 33,000 1100 19,000 Cr 2 B/70 Cr 1100 80,000 Cr 2 B/60 Cr 1100 105,000 786,061 In Fig 7, graph 19 shows the deflection rate under a transverse load of 40,000 psi (pounds per square inch; at 1000 C. for bodies of Cr 211 +Cr with Cr 2 13 increasing to about 80 % The best grade of titanium carbide deflected about 4 x 10-S inches per minute -under similar test conditions. Cemented bodies of the invention may he produced either byl hot-pressing or by compactin-g and sintering To obtain materials approximating the theoretical high densities hot-pressing at 1500 3 C at which a liquid phase is formed, with subsequent sintering at the same temperature for 30 to 60 minutes, is desirable With hot-pressed material which had about 90 % theoretical density, almost its full density could be achieved byv additional sintering of one hour in air at about 15000 C.


* GB786062 (A)

Description: GB786062 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to traveling-wave electron tubes


A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

US2863092 (A) US2863092 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECICATION - 786, Date of Application and filing Complete 4 st Specification: June 22, 1954 No 183 Application mode in United States of America on Aug 5, 1953. / Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), D( 10 F:16 A 1:18 A:40 F:46 A). International Classification:-H Olj. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

PATENTS ACT, 1949 SPECIFICATION NO 786,062 In pursuance of Section 8 of the Patents Act 1949, the amended in the following manner:Specification has been Page 1 i line 38, after "direction" insert "% the tube having connected thereto external circuit means for adjusting the slow wave transmission line voltage for controlling the range of velocities of the electron stream In order to control the frequency at which the tube will oscillate". Page 3 S line 30 after "whereby' insert lithe range of velocities of the electron stream and thus". Page S line 113, after "direction" insert % the tube having connected thereto external circuit means for adjusting the slow wave transmission line voltage for controlling the range of velocities or the electron stream in order to control the frequency at which the tube will oscillate ". THE PATENT OFFICE, 17th April, 1959 3 u static nemts in said path from the second end to the first, at a plurality of velocities including a velocity essentially equal to the phase velocity of a space harmonie of energy which is being transmitted in said line, the stream of electrons being caused by said crossed fields to follow a closed circuit so that it traverses said path endlesslv in the same direction. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig 2 1 is a transverse cross-sectional v ie(w of a traveling wave electron tube. lPrice 3 i 6 l DB 10 F 81/I( 3) 31755 1 i-0 4/9 R ally the same distance as the anode 75 members 12 The inner face of block 14 has a slot 1 3 therein which extends radially outwardly toward anode cylinder 11 Slot is appropriately dimensioned to cause the metallic block 14 to behave as a radio 80 frequency choke at the desired operating frequency of the device The purpose of the radio frequency choke is to effectively isolate signal waves in the anode structure on one side of the metallic block 14 from 85 being fed through the choke to the anode structure on the other side thereof In other words, electromagnetic waves can travel between the two ends of the transmission line on a route along said line but 90 0062 U 32154. PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 22, 1954. 7869062 No 18332154. V a 't D Application made in United States of America on Aug 5, 1953. I f Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 39 ( 1), D(l OF:16 A 1:18 A:4 OF:46 A).

international Classification:-H 01 j. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relatj > 2 to Traveling-wave Electron Tubes We, RAYTHEON MANUFACTURING COMPANY, a Corporation organised under the Laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Waltham, County of Middlesex, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to traveling wave electron tubes. According to the invention there is provided a traveling wave electron tube including a slow wave transmission line having first and second ends between which electromagnetic waves travel from the first end to the second on a route along said line but not appreciable on any other route, the line being adapted to produce in a path adjacent thereto fields of the electromagnetic wave energy being transmitted therein, there being located at or near said first end a termination matched to the impedance of the line, the tube further including means for producing a stream of electrons moving, under the influence of crossed magnetic and electrostatic fields, in said path, from the second end to the first, at a plurality of velocities including a velocity essentially equal to the phase velocity of a space harmonic of energy which is being transmitted in said 3 line, the stream of electrons being caused )v said crossed fields to follow a closed circuit so that it traverses said path endlessly in the same direction. For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig 1 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a traveling wave electron tube, lPrice 3/6 l Fig 2 is a view of a second traveling wave tube, part being broken away to reveal the inner structure, and Fig- 3 is a further view, partly in section, of the tube shown in Fig 2 5 Referring now to the drawings, in Fig. 1 there is shown an anode structure 10 comprising a metallic cylinder 11 Extending radially inwardly from the inner surface of anode cylinder 11 is a slow wave 55 transmission line comprising a plurality of anode members 12, each anode member 12 is in the form of a substantially planar rectangular metallic conductor and is so positioned that the axis of anode cylinder 60 11 lies in the plane midway between the planes containing its major faces Alternate anode members 12 are connected at points adjacent their inner ends on the upper and lower edges thereof by conduc-65 tive straps 13 according to well-known practice At one point in the anode structure 10, the anode members 12 and strapping 13 are omitted, and a block of conductive

material 14 is substituted 70 therefor Block 14 occupies the space of several anode members 12 It is rigidly attached to anode cylinder 11, and extends radially inwardly therefrom for substantially the same distance as the anode 75 members 12 The inner face of block 14 has a slot 15 therein which extends radially outwardly toward anode cylinder 11 Slot is appropriately dimensioned to cause the metallic block 14 to behave as a radio 80 frequency choke at the desired operating frequency of the device The purpose of the radio frequency choke is to effectively isolate signal waves in the anode structure on one side of the metallic block 14 from 885 being fed through the choke to the anode structure on the other side thereof In other words, electromagnetic waves can travel between the two ends of the transmission line on a route along said line but 90 786,062 not appreciably on any other route. Signal coupling devices 17 are connected to the ends of the signal wave transmission network by connecting one of the straps 513 to a lead-in member 18, which extends outwardly through anode cylinder 11 spaced therefrom After lead-in member 18 passes outside cylinder 11 it is surrounded by an outer conductor 19, spaced therefrom and coaxial therewith, outer conductor 19 being sealed to the walls of the aperture in cylinder 11 through which lead-in member 18 passes Outer conductor 19 is insulatedly sealed to lead-in member 18 by a glass seal 20 in a wellknown manner. Positioned in the space defined by the inner ends of anode members 12 is a cathode structure 21 comprising a cathode cylinder 22 positioned concentric with anode cylinder 11 The outer surface of cathode cylinder 22 is coated with electron emissive material, and is adapted to produce clouds of electrons in the space between the cathode cylinder 22 and the inner ends of the anode members 12 when cathode cylinder 22 is heated by a heater coil (not shown) in a well-known manner. The electrons are subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields in the anode/ cathode space and move in a stream around the cathode, the stream moving in a path adjacent the transmission line endlessly in the same direction The upper and lower ends of cathode cylinder 22 are covered by end shields 23 which tend to prevent movement of the electrons in a direction axial to the cathode cylinder 22. A voltage is produced between the anode structure 10 and the cathode structure 21 by means of an anode voltage supply 24, which is made adjustable in order to control the velocity of the electron stream and hence to select the particular frequency at which it is desired that the device shall operate. An impedance matched resistive termination 25 is connected to the signal coupling device 17 which is connected to the end of the line

toward which electrons are moving Termination 25 is preferably of the energy-absorbing type which absorbs and dissipates any energy traveling along the anode network in the same direction as the electron beam An output load 52 is connected to the coupling device 17 attached to the end of the anode network away from which electrons are traveling along the anode network The direetion of electron motion in the device of Fig 1 is indicated by the arrow 53, being clockwise about the cathode 23 for the particular view illustrated in Fig 1. Referring now to Fig 2 there is shown a construction wherein the signal transmission network comprises a plurality of adjacent anode members connected together throug h lumped electrical constants to form an equivalent unstrapped type of anode structure The anode struc 70 ture comprises an anode cylinder 26, the ends of which are covered by upper and lower end plates 27 and 28, respectively. Positioned inside anode cylinder 26 is a cathode structure 29 comprising a cathodeo 75 cylinder 30 whose outer surface is coated with electron emissive material The upper and lower ends of cathode cylinder:30 are covered by end shields:31 which extend outwardly beyond cathode cylinder 30 80 Cathode 29 is rigidly mounted with respect to the anode cylinder 26 by a cathode support structure 32 comprising a cylindrical member 33 attached to one of the end shields 31, and which extends 85 upwardly throuoh an aperture in upper end plate 27, and is rigidly supported with respect thereto by being attached through a cylinder 34, and a cup member 35, to a ceramic sleeve 36 surroundino' the cylinder 90 34 and sealed to the walls of a recess in the upper face of the upper end plate 27. Extending downwardly through said cylindrical member into the cathode structure 29 is a lead-in member 37, which is 95 connected to one end of a heater wire inside cathode cylinder 30, the other end of said heater wire being connected to cathode cylinder 30 Lead-in member 37 is insulatedly sealed to the cylinder 34 by 100 an insulating seal 38 so that by application of a potential between lead-in wire 37 and cylinder 34, a current may be caused to he passed through the cathode heater coil thereby heating the cathode to the desired 105 electron emitting temperature. Surrounding cathode structure 29 is a plurality of anode members 29 eomprising elongated conductive members or rods which extend upwardly through upper end 110 plate 27 Each anode member is insulatedly supported with respect to the plate 27 by a plurality of insulating beads (not shown) sealed aro Lnd anode rods 39 and inside apertures in end plate 27 Exten 115 sions of anode members 39 extend upwardly above upper end plate 27 outside anode cylinder 26, said extensions forming terminal posts to which lumped constants may be connected to form with anode 120 members 39 a signal wave transmission network Specifically,

inductors 41 are connected 3 between each pair of adja ent anode members 39, and each anode member 39 is connected to a around reference plane 125 comprising upper end plate 27 through condensers 42 Induetors 41 are supported by rinas 4:3 which are supported with reslpect to upper ells plate 27 by means of rods 44 At one point in the anode 130 786,062 structure, the inductor connecting a pair of adjacent anode members is omitted, said pair of adjacent anode members forming respectively the ends of the signal wave transmission line. One end of the transmission line is connected to an output load 45 by connecting the anode member 39 at this point through an inductor 41 to the output load, the other terminal of the output load being connected directly to the anode ground plane comprising upper end plate 27 The transmission line has the other end thereof connected by means of a conductor 46 to one side of an impedance matched energy absorbing termination 47, the other side of termination 47 being connected to the upper end plate 27 In the absence of an electrical connection between the ends of the lumped constant line other than by way of the line itself, it is not necessary here to provide a radio frequency choke, as in Fig 1, in order to prevent electromagnetic waves from traveling from one end of the line to the other by a route other than that through the line itself. A variable anode supply 50 is connected between the cathode structure and the anode structure whereby the particular frequency at which the device will oscillate is controlled by adjustment of the anodeto-cathode voltage A magnet coil 51 is positioned around anode cylinder 26 whereby the desired magnetic field may be produced in the space between the anode members 39 and the cathode cylinder 30 in a direction transverse to the direction of motion of the electrons. It is to be clearly understood that any desired means, such as a permanent magnet, could be substituted for the magnet coil illustrated in the species of Figs 1 and 2, and that either means for producing a magnetic field could be used with the species of Fig 1. It can be shown that a wave traveling along the network in a direction opposite to the direction of the electron stream will have a component which travels backward along the network in the same direction as the electron stream If the velocity of the electron stream is made substantially equal to the velocity of the backward component of the wave, that is, the component which is traveling in the same direction as the electron stream, interaction will occur and a signal will build up in the network The energy content of the signal, however, will g travel in a direction opposite to the direction of the electron stream If the end of the network toward which the electron beam is moving is terminated in a matched impedance over a wide range of frequencies and absorbs any energy impinging thereon, the device will generate

oscillations whose frequency is dependent substantially entirely on the velocity of the electron stream If the velocity of the backward component of the wave varies with 70 frequency, as is the case with all the network structures described herein and as is the case with most network structures used in the microwave field, and since the electron velocity is determined by the 75 intensity of the electrostatic field produced by the voltage applied between the anode and cathode or anode and substantially non-emissive electrode 117, variation of this voltage will vary the oscillation 80 frequency of the device The oscillation frequency may also be controlled or varied by variation of the transverse magnetic field. The tube described could be modified by 85 arranging for the output power to be varied by variation of the intensity of the electron stream.


* GB786063 (A)

Description: GB786063 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements relating to loose reed looms


PATENT SPEUFICAON Inventor:-WILLIAM REGINALD COXON. Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 25, 1955. Application Date: Jiuly 2, 1954 No 19391/54. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 142 ( 2), E 4 C. International Classification:-DO 3 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.

Improvements relating to Loose Reed Looms. We, LOGAN, MUCKELT & Co LIMITED, a British Company, of 14 St Peter's Square, Manchester 2, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to loose reed looms, in which the reed is yieldable in the event of being fouled by a trapped or misplaced shuttle or for some other cause when moving up to the fell of the woven cloth, the yielding of the reed operating to stop the loom. Hitherto the loose reed has been pivotally suspended so as to swing backwardly if pressed by an obstruction, spring means being provided, acting on the lower part of the reed and normally holding the reed in its operative position but yielding to allow the reed to swing around an axis in its upper part if fouled by the shuttle or otherwise. The object of the present invention is to provide improved means for supporting the reed of a loose reed loom and allowing it to move clear of a trapped shuttle or other obstruction, and thereby to avoid the damage to the warp and also to bring the loom to rest. The present invention comprises warp protection means for a loose reed loom, wherein the reed is releasably held or supported in the sley by a releasable holding or gripping means both at the top and bottom, each such means being adapted to release the reed if the latter moves on to a trapped or misplaced shuttle or other obstruction during beat-up Conveniently the reed is held in the sley by uipper and lower gripping members either or both of which may be constrained to separate to release the reed, and the separation of either or both of said members is effective to stop the loom. lPrice 3 s 6 d l Usually said lower gripping members comprise known positioning means normally used to resist swing movement of the reed. In this latter connection, the arrangement may be such that moderate resistance to the reed will effect only a swinging movement in known manner, and actuate the loom stop mechanism, whereas a more than moderate resistance to the reed will effect its complete displacement and also actuate the stop mechanism. If desired, a lost-motion connection may be included between the upper and lower reed-holding parts whereby the lower ones may yield alone but any yielding of the upper ones causes simultaneous yielding of the lower ones also. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower gripping members are so interconnected that separation of the lower members causes separation of the upper members and the reed is allowed to, fall on to the shed. In known loose reed looms the upper batten of the reed is usually held

in a substantially key-hole shaped slot in the so-called hand shelf In one mode of carrying out the present invention one side of such slot is cut away and is replaced by one or more reed supporting rods or bars carried by pivoted levers and the pivotal movement of such levers, when the reed is displaced, is utilised to actuate the stop mechanism Such pivotal movement may, for example, by a suitable arrangement of links and levers, be superimposed on the stop mechanism normally affected by a swinging movement of the reed. The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:Figure 1 is an elevation broken in length 786,063 756,063 of a loom embodying one example of warp protection means constructed in accordance with the invention, only so much of the loom being illustrated as is necessary for the understanding of the invention; Figures 2 and 3 are respectively side view and plan of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a detail view to an enlarged scale and partly in section illustrating the 10) relative positions of the various parts of the warp protection means when the reed is held in its normal beat-up position in the sley; and Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 but showing how the gripping members are released and the reed allowed to fall or be forced rearwardly on to the shed. In the example of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the normal parts of the loom and the parts of the usual warp protection means are in chain lines, and the construction includes the usual hand shelf 10 which normally has the loose reed 11 held in the top of a key-hole slot within it, but in the present invention has the back portion cut away to expose the slot 12, leaving the shelf substantially of inverted L-section. Mounted on the sley 13 are a number of brackets 14 in which is pivotally mounted a rod 15 extending across the loom and on this rod, at spaced intervals, are downwardlyextending curved lever arms 16 whose lower ends reach down into the recess 17 in the hand shelf and there carry a second rod 18 so positioned that it nests or abuts against the rear side of the upper batten 11 a of the reed 11 and holds it in position The rod 18, in effect, replaces that wall of the slot which has been cut away. At one end of the rod 15 and extending therefrom is a radial arm 19 terminating in a cross-bar 20 (the arm therefore being of T-shape) and from the ends of the said bar hangs a loop or stirrup 22 The lower part 4.5 of this loop or stirrup is normally engaged in a recess 23 (see particularly Figure 5) in the underside of the forward end of a short lever 24 pivotally mounted at 25 in a bracket 26 on the sley sword 32 To the rear end of such lever 24 is pivotally attached the upper bifurcated end of a link or rod 27 which extends downwardly and is pivotally connected through the intermediary of an angled member 28

with the so-called organ handle 29 of the normal release mechanism This lastnamed rod or link 27 is preferably adjustable in length for setting purposes and it may also be telescopic so as to allow the organ handle to operate whilst not disturbing the top part of the reed but causing the organ handle to move with it if the top part of the reed is displaced and causes the said curved levers to rotate The parts of the normal warp protection means as illustrated include 6.5 the usual organ handle 29 mounted on the angularly movable stop rod 30 extending across the sley, and having arms 31 adapted to engage or abut the bottom batten 117 of the reed and resiliently hold the same in the sley 13 The stop rod 30 carries the usual 70 lever arm 33 which is adapted to engage beneath the bunter 34 so as to hold the reed firmly in place during the normal beat-up operation In addition, the stop rod is also adapted to stop the loom in known manner, 75 if and when the reed moves on a trapped or misplaced shuttle and angular movement is imparted to the rod. The normal spring loading effected by tension spring 35 also operates to load the So said short lever 24, causing it to pull on the loop or stirrup 22 and thereby press the rod 18 against the reed During the backward movement of the reed, the rod 18 is held in engagement with the top reed batten 1 la 85 by a roller 36 mounted on the organ handle 29 engaging a bow spring 37 mounted on the loom frame 38. The arrangement is such that the reed is held in place by interconnected upper and 90 lower holding or gripping members, but is free to be completely unshipped if obstructed, since the rod 18 and arins 31 w-hiieh hold it are yieldable, against the resistance of the spring loading thus avoiding damage to the 95 reed and to the shuttle and also preventing or at least substantially reducing broken warp ends The yielding of the lower gripping members imparts angular movement to the stop rod 30, thus lowering the rear 100 end of the said short lever, and causing its front end to move upwards and release the upper gripping members Simultaneously, the normal stop mechanism is operated to bring the loom to rest In some cases the 105 obstruction to the reed may 7 only cause swringing " aboutt the point of support in the upper gripping members, whilst if the resistance is greater than normal, the reed is released from the upper as well as the lowver 110 gripping members and the reed is completely removed -from the sley and caused to fall or be forced rearwardly on to the shed or on to suitably placed guides or auxiliary supports 115 Replacement of the reed is easily and quickly effected.

* Sitemap * Accessibility * Legal notice

* Terms of use * Last updated: 08.04.2015 * Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p

Investor Relations

5651 5655.output