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What is the Web?
• Formats ⇒ HTML+CSS
• Protocols ⇒ HTTP(S)
• Identifiers ⇒ URL
• Mobile Code ⇒ JavaScript
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Web as Information SpaceThe Web was designed to be a universal space of information, so when you
make a bookmark or a hypertext link, you should be able to make that link to
absolutely any piece of information that can be accessed using networks.
The universality is essential to the Web: it looses its power if there are certain
types of things to which you can’t link.
Tim Berners-Lee, Realising the Full Potential of the Web (1998)
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Well the kettle is back online and responding to voice control,but now we're eating dinner in dark while lights download afirmware update5:10 AM - 12 Oct 2016 · Hove, England, United Kingdom
979 1,591
Mark Rittman @markrittman
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The Web as a PlatformComputing platform means in general sense, where any piece of software is
executed. It may be the hardware or OS, even a web browser as long as the
code is executed in it.
Wikipedia
Most successful software platforms have exploited network effects between
applications and users: more applications attract more users, and more users
attract more applications.
Invisible Engines
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Platform Openness
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User Agent
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What Makes the Web Special• Open specification
• No single gatekeeper
• Multiple implementations
• Anyone can create / consume
• Balance of interests, incentives
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POSIX
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Happy 25th birthday, #Linux! Here's your f-ing #cake, go aheadand compile it yourself.8:28 PM - 25 Aug 2016 · Bucharest, Romania, Romania
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Bogdan Botezatu @bbotezatu
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Building Platforms on the Web
R
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AMP is coming to eat our mobile page views.
Helen Havlak, the Verge”
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More Web.
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A Bigger Web
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Progressive Web Applications• "Web Apps" have been a goal, but parity with native has proven difficult
• PWAs use the Web's best features to deliver app-like experiences:
• Responsive for many devices
• Offline using Service Workers
• Discoverable and Installable
• Linkable using URLs
No stores. Seamless transitions from Web to App.
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Peer-to-Peer WebWebRTC expands the scope of a browser to real-time peer-to-peer:
• Video,
• Audio, and
• Data
demo
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Web Payments• Advertising is the major model for Web revenue
• Payments ecosystem has made other platforms wildly successful
• Web Payments might give us another option
• Payment flows, browser APIs and messages
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A Secure Web
A Secure Web• The Web isn't just for research any more
• World Economic Forum: “Personal data is a new asset class” (2011)
• A powerful Web: geolocation, camera access, persistent storage...
• “Coffee Shop” attacks (e.g., FireSheep)
• Pervasive Monitoring revealed by Edward Snowden
Goal: Moving the Web from HTTP ⇒ HTTPS
Using Powerful Features now requires HTTPS
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A Secure Web: Challenges• HTTPS has a performance impact
• Certificates are expensive
• Certificates are hard to set up
• Mixed Content
• Authentication
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HTTPS Performance• Encryption overhead is small (and ChaCha20 Poly1305 helps )
• Most of the impact is handshake latency
• Session Tickets
• ORT Handshake - TLS 1.3
• TLS record size tuning
https://istlsfastyet.com
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Certificates
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Mixed Content• upgrade-insecure-requests
• HSTS Priming
• Opportunistic Security for HTTP
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Web Authentication• Goal: Replace passwords
• Strong security and easy usability
• Includes registration scenarios
• External and embedded authenticators
• Based on FIDO 2.0
• Draft in progress, but strong engagement
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A Faster Web
A Faster Web• Web pages are bigger: 2.5MB, 130+ requests
• HTTP headers are bigger
• HTTP “head of line blocking” means browsers use multiple connections
• Many connections interferes with TCP congestion control
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A Faster Web: HTTP/2• Multiplexing
• Multiple Connections ⇒ One Connection
• Header Compression
• Server Push
Supported in > 75% of the browser market
demo
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A Faster Web: QUIC• Head of Line Blocking in TCP
• Protocol Stack Ossification
• Goals: Video, Bad connections (and replacing TCP)
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Adventure & Risk
How it feels to learn JavaScript in2016
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The web bloat crisis is not in my imagination. This AM: someonesays "lets use this new messaging system! It even has a webinterface..."8:41 PM - 21 Oct 2016
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Alex Russell @slightlylate
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The Web'sAdventure is Just
Beginning.
