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Network and Protocol
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AGENDA
• BASICS ABOUT NETWORKS
• THREE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
• BASICS ABOUT PROTOCOL
• TOW TYPES OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS
• ORGANIZATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION
STANDARDS
NETWORKS
COMPUTER NETWORK A COLLECTION OF COMPUTING
DEVICES THAT ARE CONNECTED IN VARIOUS WAYS IN
ORDER TO COMMUNICATE AND SHARE RESOURCES
USUALLY, THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN COMPUTERS
IN A NETWORK ARE MADE USING PHYSICAL WIRES OR
CABLES
HOWEVER, SOME CONNECTIONS ARE WIRELESS, USING
RADIO WAVES OR INFRARED SIGNALS
Network Topologies
There are 3 main types of network topologies:
The Ring Network
The Bus Network
The Star Network
Network Topologies
The Ring Network:
Computers are connected together to form a ring shape so that none of them is more important than any of the others.
Network Topologies
The Bus (or line) Network:
Computers are connected like bus stops on a main road. None of them is more important than any of the others.
Network Topologies
The Star Network:
In a Star topology every node is connected through a central device such as a Hub, Switch or Router
Protocol-Protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspect of data communication between computers on a network. -These rules include guidelines that regulate the following characteristics of a network: access method, allowed physical topologies, types of cabling, and speed of data transfer. A protocol defines what, how, when it communicated.
Common protocol used
Standard Protocol Architectures
• Two approaches (standard)
1- OSI Reference model• never used widely• but well known
2- TCP/IP protocol suite• Most widely used
11
OSI vs. TCP/IP
TCP, UDP
IP
HTTP, SMTP, …
THE OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION
• THE OSI MODEL DEFINES THE COMMUNICATIONS
PROCESS INTO 7 LAYERS, DIVIDING THE TASKS
INVOLVED WITH MOVING INFORMATION BETWEEN
NETWORKED COMPUTERS INTO SEVEN SMALLER,
MORE MANAGEABLE
TASK GROUPS.
TCP/IP protocol suite
• THE TCP/IP REPRESENTS A SET OF PUBLIC STANDARDS THAT
SATISFY HOW PACKETS OF INFORMATION ARE EXCHANGED
BETWEEN COMPUTERS OVER ONE AND MORE NETWORKS.
TCP/IP
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)SOFTWARE THAT BREAKS MESSAGES INTO PACKETS, HANDS THEM OFF TO THE IP SOFTWARE FOR DELIVERY, AND THEN ORDERS AND REASSEMBLES THE PACKETS AT THEIR DESTINATION
INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)SOFTWARE THAT DEALS WITH THE ROUTING OF PACKETS THROUGH THE MAZE OF INTERCONNECTED NETWORKS TO THEIR FINAL DESTINATION
OTHER PROTOCOLS BUILD ON TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL (SMTP):
USED TO SPECIFY TRANSFER OF ELECTRONIC MAIL
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) :ALLOWS A
USER TO TRANSFER FILES TO AND FROM ANOTHER
COMPUTER
TELNET :USED TO LOG ONTO ONE COMPUTER
FROM ANOTHER
HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP):
ALLOWS EXCHANGE OF WEB DOCUMENTS
STANDARDS
STANDARDS ARE DEVELOPED BY COOPERATION AMONG
STANDARDS CREATION COMMITTEES, FORUMS, AND
GOVERNMENT REGULATORY AGENCIES.
ORGANIZATIONS FOR COMMUNICATION STANDARDS
STANDARDS CREATION COMMITTEES
a) INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION (ISO)
b) INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION (ITU)
c) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
d) INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)
e) ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION (EIA)
f) INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE (IETF)
RESOURCES
1-COMPUTER NETWORKING PRINCIPLES ,PROTOCOLS AND
PRACTICE “OLIVIER BONAVENTURE 2011”
2- NETWORK PROTOCOLS HANDBOOK
3- COMMON PROTOCOLS:-
HTTP://EN.WIKIBOOKS.ORG/WIKI/NETWORK_PLUS_CERTIFICATION/TECHNOLOGIES/COMMON_PROTOCOLS