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Agenda
Ø Fundamentals of IX and peering ü IX ü Peering
Ø The Current Status of IX and Peering ü Change of the Internet ü IX and Peering
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What is IX? Ø DefiniGon of IX Point
(by euro-‐ix) A physical network infrastructure operated by a single enGty with the purpose to facilitate the exchange of Internet traffic between Autonomous Systems. The number of Autonomous Systems connected should at least be three and there must be a clear and open policy for others to join.
Ø IX is a system composed by Layer 2 switches.
Ø Every parGes’ routers are connected to the switches.
AS
AS
AS
AS
3
A Typical Structure of the Internet in a Textbook
ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP
IX IX
ISP
ISP
ISP ISP
Global Tier-‐1
NaGonal Backbone Provider
Local Access Provider
Customer (Consumer/OrganizaGon)
ISP
ISP
ISP ISP
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-‐Transit-‐ “Transit” has an upstream and a downstream, then the traffic from/to the la\er and its customers are carried by the former to/from the rest of the Internet with payment from the downstream.
-‐Peering-‐ Traffic between two parGes and their customers are exchanged by using “peering.” Useless traffic to the upstream decreases by exchanging traffic with peering, and their transit cost can be reduced. 5
Transit and Peering
IX
The Internet
ISP-B
user user user user user user user user
ISP-D ISP-C
ISP-A
Peering Ø Types of Peering
ü LocaGon • Pubic Peer • Private Peer
ü Payment • Free Peer • Paid Peer
Ø Peering Agreement ü Bi-‐lateral Peering Agreement
• An one-‐to-‐one agreement between two parGes about peering. ü MulG-‐lateral Peering Agreement(MLPA)
• MulG-‐lateral peering is peering negoGated and established between potenGally many parGes.
• A MulG-‐Lateral Peering Agreement is signed at exchange points that support mulG-‐lateral peering.
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IX and Peering
Ø Role of IX Providers for peering ü IX provides a point for peering and exchanging traffic. ü IX providers make arrangements for communicaGons on peering between customers.
ü IX providers supply addiGonal funcGon for peering, e.g. Route Server, Route Monitor, and Traffic Viewer.
ü Some IX providers support a private peering between their customers, for example by providing cabling services.
ü IX is the place for coordinaGon and cooperaGon between various parGes of the Internet.
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The Current Structure of the Internet
ISP ISP ISP
ISP
Global Tier-‐1 NaGonal Backbone
Local Access Provider Mobile
IX IX
ISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
Customer (Consumer/OrganizaGon)
Hyper Giants
9
The Current Structure of the Internet
ISP ISP ISP
ISP
Global Tier-‐1 NaGonal Backbone
Local Access Provider Mobile
IX IX
ISP
ISP
ISP ISP
ISP
Customer (Consumer/OrganizaGon)
Hyper Giants
Contents
Eyeball
Traffic
10
Contents and Eyeball JPIX Case Ø The traffic share of top 10 customers of JPIX
with 140 parGes.
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IX Switch
Contents Side
OUT 50.6%
Eyeball Side
IN 40.3%
OUT 14.0%
IN 7.7%
Merits of using IX
Ø Exchanging Traffic at IX Points ü High Bandwidth ü Low Latency ü Cost Efficiency ü Direct RelaGonship
Ø Peering with Internet Infrastructure such as root servers
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ISP ISP
Internet
Peering
IX
DNS root server
The Importance of IX
Ø The importance of IX is equal to the importance of peering and exchanging traffic locally.
Ø Related AcGviGes ü WCIT/ITR
• 31E 3.7 Member States should create an enabling environment for the implementaGon of regional telecommunicaGon traffic exchange points, with a view to improving quality, increasing the connecGvity and resilience of networks, fostering compeGGon and reducing the costs of internaGonal telecommunicaGon interconnecGons.
ü OECD Paper • Internet Traffic Exchange Market Developments and Policy Challenges, OECD
Digital Economy Papers No. 207 h\p://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k918gpt130q-‐en
ü ISOC IXP Toolkit • “The Internet Society was awarded a grant to extend its Internet exchange
point (IXP) acGviGes in emerging markets and developing countries.” h\p://www.ixptoolkit.org/
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Ecosystem for Peering Ø AddiGonal fee for peering are mainly port charges for IX providers. Ø Peering are lower in cost than transit. Ø Payment for peering
ü Eyeball side • Local access providers pay for construcGon of consumer network. • Without contents, nobody uses access network.
ü Contents side • Contents distributers pay for the contents and network for delivering. • Without users, no content delivered.
Ø Free peering is an advantage for all the parGes. ü The majority of content-‐to-‐end-‐user flows should be free. ü For all the parGes, peering is good tool for promoGon to their
customers.
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IX and Regulators
Ø Regulators should take neutral stance to peering if domesGc compeGGve environment for their IP network have been developed, ü To support growth and evoluGon of the Internet industry.
Ø Regulators may support coordinaGon and cooperaGon among parGes.
Ø Regulators may support IX and intervene peering only if their IP network is under developing and compeGGve environment is poor.
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IX Status Global
Ø 105 Countries 415 IXPs ü IX is now increasing day by day.
Ø Tier of IX ü Global IX ü Regional IX ü NaGonal IX ü Local IX
Ø Types of IX ü A not-‐for-‐profit independent
organizaGon, ü A consorGum of ISPs, ü A commercial company, ü An Academic and research project ü A government agency, ü An informal associaGon of
networks
Ø IX Community ü Euro-‐IX
• First and Largest IX Community. • Formed in 2001
ü APIX ü LACIX ü AFRIX ü IX-‐F
Ø Development of NaGonal IX Points ü Some countries develop IX Points
by themselves. ü Some Global IX Providers foster IX
Points in underdeveloped regions. ü Bo\om –up approach tend to be a
shortcut to success.
16
IX Status Asia-‐Pacific Region
Ø APIX“Asia-‐Pacific Internet Exchange” ü An associaGon of Internet Exchange
Providers in Asia-‐-‐-‐Pacific region. ü just like Euro-‐IX in Europe
Ø ObjecGves ü To share informaGon about technical,
operaGonal, and business issues and soluGons regarding Internet Exchange.
Ø APIX was established in 2010 under the support of APNIC
Ø APNIC’s support for APIX ü Engineering assistance for organizaGons
needed. ü APNIC is in a good posiGon to
encourage on facilitate to share knowledge and experience among IX points in the region.
Ø Members: 16 IXPs from 12 economies ü BDIX(BD) ü HKIX(HK) ü BBIX, DIX-‐IE, JPIX, JPNAP(JP) ü KINX(KR) ü IIX(ID) ü NIXI(IN) ü MyIX(MY) ü NP-‐IX(NP) ü NZIX(NZ) ü SGIX,SOX(SG) ü VNIX(VN) ü Equinix(US, HK, JP, AU)
Ø Contact: ü sc(at)apix.asia
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IX Status Japan
Ø Commercial IX Providers: 3 ü JPIX ü JPNAP(Internet MulGfeed)
ü BBIX Ø Academic-‐based IX Providers: 1 ü DIX-‐IE(WIDE Project)
Ø Global IX Providers: 1 ü Equinix
Ø Traffic at IX in Japan ü 20% to EsGmated Total Traffic in Japan are exchanged at IX points according to the report from MIC.
ü Traffic between huge telecom carriers are exchanged by using private peers.
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