Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Encoding Text About Things
Georg Vogeler Centre for Information Modelling
University of Graz @GVogeler
Institut für Dokumentologie und Editorik e.V.
What‘s in a text? (eh)
• Semiotic triangle
What‘s in a text? (eh)
• Semiotic triangle
• Information as a result of text interpretation:
I = i (D, S, t) (Langefors 1995)
• Multiple notion of text (Sahles text wheel)
The Textwheel (Patrick Sahle: Digitale Editionsformen, 2013)
TEX
T S
text as idea, intention, meaning, semantics, sense, content
text as linguistic code, as series of words, as speech
text as document: physical, material,
individual
text as a visual object, as a complex sign
TEXT
G
text as a version of ..., as a set of graphs, graphemes, glyphs, characters, etc. (... having modes ...)
text as a work, as rhetoric structure
ChartEx
408. Grant by Thomas son of Josce goldsmith and citizen of York to his younger son Jeremy of half his land lying in length from Petergate at the churchyard of St. Peter to houses of the prebend of Ampleford and in breadth from Steyngate to land which mag. Simon de Evesham inhabited; paying Thomas and his heirs 1d. or [a pair of] white gloves worth 1 d. at Christmas. Warranty. Seal.
from the Vicars Choral collecEon, University of York) , here: http://chartex.org/docs/Chartex-Paris-14112013.pdf
htt
p:/
/ch
arte
x.o
rg/d
ocs
/Ch
arte
x-Pa
ris-
14
11
20
13
.pd
f
Text – Assertion
XML/TEI
• markup
• sequence
• mixed content
• vocabulary made by humanists
RDF
• Assertion as simple sentence
• First order logics
• Graph model
• vocabularies still to be made by humanists
Referencing from text to formal assertion means ...
• text as proof/reference for formal assertion
• formal assertion as annotation to text
• formal assertion extracted from text
It‘s worth it!
Talking about the world in TEI
„Gleim ist mit dem Battalion Garde nach Breßlau ausgerückt und schreibt sehr heitere Briefe.“ (Gleim has left with the Battalion Guardes to Breßlau and writes very serene letters.)
<p><persName ref="#Gleim">Gleim</persName> ist mit dem <orgName ref="#ex:BattalionGarde">Battalion Garde</orgName> nach <placeName ref="#Bresslau">Breßlau</placeName> ausgerückt und schreibt sehr heitere Briefe.</p> <listPerson> <person xml:id="Gleim"> <idno type="viaf">61617445</idno> </person> </listPerson>
But
<p>Gleim ist mit dem Battalion Garde nach Breßlau ausgerückt und schreibt sehr heitere Briefe.</p>
=>
• Gleim is part of Battalion Guardes
• Battalion Garde marches to Breßlau
• Gleim writes letters, which are serene.
Some Existing Approaches
• CLAROS (http://www.clarosnet.org , Rahtz 2011) – ODD/XSLT-based
• Symogih (http://symogih.org/, Beretta 2015) , Basel accounts (http://gams.uni-graz.at/srbas, Vogeler 2016) – @ana, tei:taxonomy – XSLT
• Jewell 2010 – tei:sp – RDFa/XSLT based
• SAWS (http://www.ancientwisdoms.ac.uk/, Jordanous et al. 2012) – tei:relation – Xpath and @xml:id to reference the text parts
Implicit Graphs
• @ref
• (person|place|event)/*
• XML hierarchy in general e.g.
– metadata like teiHeader, msDesc
– element/attribute-relationship)
Express Graphs in TEI
• <relation> for the relationship between URIs in @active, @passive, @type – no literals (coverd by the definition of <desc>?)
• <graph>? – verbose (graph, arc, node)
– description of graphs in copy text, thus not restricted to RDF rules
– again: literals are only encoded as subelements of a graph
Embedded Graph: RDFa
• type: – @typeOf
• subject: – document-uri()
– @resource
• predicate: – @property
• object: – @resource
– @href
– @src
• type: – @type
• subject: – document-uri()
– @ref
• predicate: – @ana?
• object: – @ref
– @target
– @url
RDFa
<p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <span resource="GND:Gleim">Gleim ist mit dem <span property="ex:isPartOf" resource="ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde nach <span property="ex:marchTo" resource="geo:Wrocław ">Breßlau</span> ausgerückt</span> und schreibt <span property="ex:writes" resource="_:Briefe">sehr <span property="emotionalQuality" resource="emotions:Serene">heitere</span> Briefe</span></span></p>
TEIa?
<p xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" > <seg resource="GND:Gleim">Gleim ist mit dem <seg property="ex:isPartOf" resource="ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde nach <seg property="ex:marchTo" resource="geo:Wrocław ">Breßlau</seg> ausgerückt</seg> und schreibt <seg property="ex:writes" resource="_:Briefe">sehr <seg property="emotionalQuality" resource="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg> Briefe</seg></seg></p>
TEIa?
<p xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"> <seg ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim ist mit dem <seg ana="ex:isPartOf" ref="ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde nach <seg ana="ex:marchTo" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</seg> ausgerückt</seg> und schreibt <seg ana="ex:writes" ref="_:Briefe">sehr <seg ana="emotionalQuality" ref="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg> Briefe</seg></seg></p>
TEIa?
<p xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" > <seg ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim ist mit dem <seg ana="ex:isPartOf" ref="ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde nach <seg ana="ex:marchTo" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</seg> ausgerückt</seg> und schreibt <seg ana="ex:writes" ref="_:Briefe">sehr <seg ana="emotionalQuality" ref="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg> Briefe</seg></seg></p>
TEIa?
<p xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ><rs ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim ist mit dem <rs ana="ex:isPartOf" ref="ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde nach <rs ana="ex:marchTo" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</rs> ausgerückt</rs> und schreibt <rs ana="ex:writes" ref="_:Briefe">sehr <rs ana="emotionalQuality" ref="emotions:Serene">heitere</rs> Briefe</rs></rs></p>
TEIa ?
<p xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" ><seg corresp="#psn-1"><persName xml:id="psn-1" ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim</persName> ist mit dem <seg ana="ex:isPartOf" corresp="#rs-1"><rs xml:id="rs-1" ref="ex:ex:BattalionGarde">Battallion Garde</rs> nach <seg ana="ex:ex:marchTo" corresp="#rs-2"><rs xml:id="rs-2" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</rs> ausgerückt und schreibt <seg ana="ex:schreibt" corresp="#ptr-1"> <ptr xml:id="ptr-1" target="_:Briefe"/>sehr <seg ana="ex:emotionalQuality" corresp="#ptr-2"> <ptr xml:id="ptr-2" target="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg> Briefe</seg></seg></seg></p>
Reification
<p ana=“rdf:Statement”><persName ana="rdf:subject" ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim</persName> ist mit dem <seg ana="rdf:predicate" type=“ex:isPartOf"><rs ana="rdf:object" ref="#ex:BattalionGarde">Battalion Garde</rs><anchor ana="rdf:predicate" type=“ex:marchesTo“/> nach <placeName ana="rdf:object" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</placeName> ausgerückt</seg> und <seg ana="rdf:predicate" type=“ex:writes">schreibt sehr <seg ana="rdf:object" type=“_:Briefe"><seg ana="rdf:predicate" type="ex:emotionalQuality"><seg ana="rdf:object" type="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg></seg> Briefe</seg></seg></p>.
Reification?
<p ana=“rdf:Statement”><persName ana="rdf:subject" ref="GND:Gleim">Gleim</persName> ist mit dem <seg ana="rdf:predicate" type="ex:isPartOf"><rs
ana="rdf:object rdf:subject" ref="#ex:BattalionGarde">Battalion Garde</rs><anchor ana="rdf:predicate" type=“ex:marchesTo“/> nach <placeName ana="rdf:object" ref="geo:Wrocław">Breßlau</placeName> ausgerückt</seg> und <seg ana="rdf:predicate" type=“ex:write">schreibt sehr <seg ana="rdf:object" type=“_:Briefe"><seg ana="rdf:predicate" type="ex:emotionalQuality"><segmana="rdf:object" type="emotions:Serene">heitere</seg></seg> Briefe</seg></seg></p>.
Encoding Text About Things: Propositions
TEX
T S
TEXT
G
tei:relation reification RDFa/TEIa
Encoding Text About Things: Propositions
Georg Vogeler
Institut für Dokumentologie und Editorik e.V.
Plague-spot? Soap bubble? Beauty mark?
References
• Jewell, Michael O. (2010): Semantic Screenplays: Preparing TEI for Linked Data, paper at the DH2010 (http://dh2010.cch.kcl.ac.uk/academic-programme/abstracts/papers/html/ab-878.html#d760e868)
• Rahtz, Sebastian (2011), Realistic targets in TEI to RDF, http://tei.oucs.ox.ac.uk/Talks/2011-10-teimm/talk.xml
• Jordanous, Anna, Alan Stanley and Charlotte Tupman (2012). “Contemporary transformation of ancient documents for recording and retrieving maximum information: when one form of markup is not enough.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:10.4242/BalisageVol8.Jordanous01.
• Eide, Øyvind , „Ontologies, Data Modeling, and TEI“, Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative [Online], Issue 8 | December 2014 - December 2015, Online since 01 January 2015, connection on 28 September 2016. URL : http://jtei.revues.org/1191 ; DOI : 10.4000/jtei.1191
• Langefors, B. (1995). Essays on Infology. Lund: Studentliteratur. • Images and Logos from Microsoft Office clipart collection, https://www.w3.org/html/,
http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_of_reference
