Basic’s of InternetTopic:-

By

MNA - Rajput

contentsInternet BackboneWorld wide web (WWW)HypertextHyperlinkUniversal resource locatorHyper text transfer protocolDomain name system

Internet backbone?•National science foundation (NSF)

created first high speed backbone in 1987 called NSFNET.

•It was a T1 that connected 170 smaller networks together and operated at 1.544 (mbps)

•Than IBM, MCI worked with NSF to create the backbone and developed at a T3 (45 Mbps) backbone.

Continued…..Backbones are typically fiber

optic trunk lines.

The trunk line has multiple fiber optic cables to increase the capacity.

It is the central structure that connects other elements of the network.

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

Tim berners-lee invented the web in 1989.

The web is a service a system for accessing documents that is supported by the internet.

The web’s creators wanted to create a simple way to access any document that was stored on a network without having to search through indexes or directories of files.

The web relies on three mechanisms to make these resources readily available to the widest possible audience.

A uniform naming scheme for locating resources on the web (e.g URLs) .

Protocol for access to named resources over the web (e.g HTTP).

Hypertext for easy navigation among resources (e.g HTML)

Hypertext A hypertext document Is a specially encoded

file that uses the HTML. Hypertext more commonly called as

webpage. HTML allows a document’s author to embed

hypertext links. Hypertext systems provide an easy way to

manage large collections of data, either image, movie, audio, or text.

Web documents are linked together because they are created in a hypertext format.

HyperlinkA hyperlink is simply a part of the web page

that is linked to a URL.

A hyperlink can appear as text, an image etc.

By clicking an hyperlink you jump from present location to the URL specified by the hyperlink.

When pointer touches hyperlink text, the hyperlink URL appears in the browser’s status bar.

HTTP

To support hypertext document web uses a special protocol HTTP.

HTTP is an application protocol.

It is the protocol used to exchange or transfer hypertext.

Used by web browser and web server to communicate.

Universal resource locator (URL)

The HTTP uses internet addresses in a special format called a uniform resource locator.

The intent was to take the idea of telephone numbers, and apply them to addressing millions of web pages and machines.

Today, an estimated 65 billion web pages and internet transmitters are addressed using URL names.

http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howthewebworks.html• The http:// means your computer can pull this page

off my computer using the standard process called HTTP.

• www.explainthatstuff.com is the address or domain name of my computer.

• howthewebworks.html is the name of the file you're currently reading off my computer.

• The .html part of the filename tells your computer it's an HTML file

Domain name system (DNS) The domain name system (DNS) is the

way that Internet domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol addresses.

 an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses.

the domain name www.example.com might translate to198.105.232.4. 

Thank’s for your

attention