Vitamin a

Vitamin AVitamin A

Soumya Ranjan ParidaSoumya Ranjan Parida

Basic B.Sc. Nursing 4Basic B.Sc. Nursing 4thth year year

Sum Nursing CollegeSum Nursing College

Vitamin A deficiency is the most common Vitamin A deficiency is the most common preventable and reversible cause of blindness preventable and reversible cause of blindness

Retinol (an alcohol) and retinal (an aldehyde) Retinol (an alcohol) and retinal (an aldehyde) are often referred to as preformed vitamin A are often referred to as preformed vitamin A

FunctionFunction

VisionVision Regulation of gene expressionRegulation of gene expression ImmunityImmunity Growth and developmentGrowth and development Red blood cell productionRed blood cell production Nutrient interactions-Nutrient interactions-Zinc, Iron.Zinc, Iron.

DeficiencyDeficiency

leading preventable cause of blindness .leading preventable cause of blindness . higher incidence of respiratory disease and higher incidence of respiratory disease and

diarrhea, as well as a higher rate of mortality diarrhea, as well as a higher rate of mortality from infectious disease from infectious disease

HIV-infected women who were vitamin A HIV-infected women who were vitamin A deficient were three to four times more likely deficient were three to four times more likely to transmit HIV to their infants to transmit HIV to their infants

Recommended Dietary Allowance Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA )(RDA )

Life Stage Age Males: mcg/day (IU/day)

Females: mcg/day (IU/day)

Infants 0-6 months 400 (1333 IU) 400 (1333 IU)

Infants 7-12 months 500 (1667 IU) 500 (1667 IU)

Children 1-3 years 300 (1000 IU) 300 (1000 IU)



Adolescents 14-18 years 900 (3000 IU) 700 (2333 IU)

Adults 19 years and older 900 (3000 IU) 700 (2333 IU)

Pregnancy 18 years and younger - 750 (2500 IU)

Pregnancy 19-years and older - 770 (2567 IU)

Breastfeeding 18 years and younger - 1,200 (4000 IU)

Breastfeeding 19-years and older - 1,300 (4333 IU)

Disease PreventionDisease Prevention

Cancer Cancer - -Lung cancer Lung cancer -Breast cancer -Breast cancer Disease TreatmentDisease Treatment

Retinitis pigmentosaRetinitis pigmentosa Acute promyelotic leukemiaAcute promyelotic leukemia Diseases of the skinDiseases of the skin

Food sourcesFood sources

Cod liver oil Cod liver oil Fortified breakfast cereals Fortified breakfast cereals Whole milk Whole milk Egg Egg Butter Butter Sweet potato Sweet potato Carrot (raw) Carrot (raw) Cantaloupe Cantaloupe Spinach Spinach

SupplementsSupplements

The principal forms of preformed vitamin A The principal forms of preformed vitamin A (retinol) in supplements (retinol) in supplements -retinyl palmitate -retinyl palmitate -retinyl acetate -retinyl acetate

Beta-carotene is also a common source of Beta-carotene is also a common source of vitamin A vitamin A

ToxicityToxicity

vitamin A toxicity is called hypervitaminosis Avitamin A toxicity is called hypervitaminosis A caused by overconsumption of preformed caused by overconsumption of preformed

vitamin A, not carotenoids vitamin A, not carotenoids result acutely from high-dose exposure over a result acutely from high-dose exposure over a

short period of time, or chronically from much short period of time, or chronically from much lower intake lower intake

Symptoms Symptoms nausea nausea headacheheadache fatiguefatigue loss of appetiteloss of appetite dizzinessdizziness dry skindry skin

Symptoms of chronic toxicitySymptoms of chronic toxicity

dry itchy skindry itchy skin loss of appetiteloss of appetite headacheheadache bone and joint pain. bone and joint pain. Severe cases of hypervitaminosis A may result Severe cases of hypervitaminosis A may result

in liver damage, hemorrhage, and coma. in liver damage, hemorrhage, and coma.

Healthcare

Vitamin a