SIVARAJ RAMANPegawai Farmasi

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Introduction

to ResearchResearch

RESEARCH

What are your feelings about doing research? excited full of dread fearful curious angry ready for it to be over?!

Why RESEARCH?

One study “says” to do one thing; another study says that I should do the opposite

Not sure which is better?

Something is not right?

Curious? Finding solutions?

BUT, I NEVER did research before?

…really?

Why get EXCITED with RESEARCH?

“The essence of all research originates in CURIOSITY - a desire to find out how and why things happen”

Gaining new knowledge

to improve pt. care

Evidence based

practice = decision

making

Expands nursing

practice

Reinforce identity of

nursing as a profession

IMPORTANCE of RESEARCH?

Involves decision making - what methods will help to answer a research question?

Is flexible - multiple possibilities, each with its own strengths/weaknesses

Systemic Is a circular process

INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

What do I want to know?

Does anyone else know

anything about this?

I’ll make an educated

guess

Here’s what I’m going to

do to try to answer my

question.

INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

I’ll try to make sense

out of all this info I’ve

collected.

What did I find? Was

my hunch supported?

What do I want to know

now?

INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

INTRODUCTION to RESEARCH

Nurses Job Satisfaction•Overworked?•Stress?•Poor quality of life?•No motivation?•Affects performance?•Want a change?

A Research Question

Defining the problem (area of research)

Area where knowledge can be advanced

Review related literature

Propose research question

1. IDENTIFY RESEARCH AREA

1. IDENTIFY RESEARCH AREA

MOST IMPORTANT Study Population Design Sampling Plan Define how will data

be measured/collected

Pilot Study?

2. RESEARCH DESIGN

SETTINGLocation of the studyWill affect the findingsSAMPLINGChoosing/ selecting subjectsMust be representative of the populationRandom?

2. RESEARCH DESIGN

Data Collection - according to plan

Organization of the data May be the longest

phase of the research process

Systemic

3. DATA COLLECTION

Interpret findings Draw conclusions Hypothesis is

supported or rejected? How best to utilize

findings? New question

formulated?

4. DATA ANALYSIS

Share findings with colleagues

May report findings in journal articles, oral presentations, poster presentations

Utilize findings - use in nursing practice

5. PUBLISH & SHARE

TYPES OF RESEARCH

RESEARCH TYPES

Researcher manipulates or controls variable(s) and observes effect in other variable(s)

New intervention/treatment/practice Evaluates cause and effect

relationship EXAMPLE:

effectiveness of High dose Vitamin C for wound healing

EXPERIMENTAL

Characterizing percentage or amount of cases/ factors

Can be based on social demography EXAMPLE• percentage of poorly referred cases from

clinics• Percentage of patients’ with good hand

hygiene• carers’ knowledge on management of bed

sore

PREVALENCE

CROSS SECTIONAL

Snapshot To investigate for

links between variables

example:• carers’

knowledge on management of bed sore

Relationships between variables

at least 2 variables for the same group of individuals

EXAMPLE• correlation between age and

nurses’ grades with knowledge on Medication Error Reporting

• Relationship between patient education level and AOR discharge

CORRELATION

Nursing problems- errors, knowledge, job satisfaction, quality of

life Patient demography- treatment failure, poor wound healing, poor

compliance, satisfaction with treatment Factors- Factors for AOR DC, default, contamination Disease- prevalence, risk factors, outcome

IDEAS?

Find questions / problems

Find for available evidences

Design the research Try out? Ask for help

HOW TO START

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