PALLIATIVE CAREHolistic Care of the Patient with Stomach Cancer: Pain Management

Tracey L. MurrayCapella University

ED 8365 Teaching Strategies in Nursing EducationDr. Bronner

March 5, 2017

Course Materials and Required ReadingCancer Treatment Centers of America. (2017). Pain management for stomach cancer. Retrieved online at http://www.cancercenter.com/stomach-cancer/pain-management/Cline, D. (2015). Complexity of Care: A Concept Analysis of Older Adult Health Care Experiences. Nursing Education Perspectives, 36(2), 108-113. Huether, S. & McCance, K. (2012). Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th edition. Elsevier. Chapter regarding cancer. National Cancer Institute (NCI). (2017). Palliative Care. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet#q1

Learning Objective•The learner will scrutinize reference material about specific palliative care issues related to care of a patient who has stomach cancer. The learner will review the literature to support a holistic care plan associated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. The learner shall construct a plan which compares his/her prior knowledge to current standards of practice (Bristol & Zerwekh, 2011) . This will be evaluated by the achievement of a minimum of a 80% score on the assessment.

Palliative Care• Patient centered care

• Focused on improving quality of life of patients and their families (World Health Organization, 2002)

• Associated with the care of chronic disease and life-threatening illness

• Prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification

• Impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual (National Cancer Institute (NCI), 2017; World Health Organization (WHO), 2002).

Palliative Care•Provides relief from pain •Focuses on relief of symptoms•Focuses on life and death concerns•Integrates all aspects of the patient•Psychological •Spiritual•Family•Culture

•Provides a support system •Advises about active living•Discuss coping strategies

Pain• Pain is described as acute or chronic; distraction

greatly improves the pain experience• Acute pain is usually severe and short term• Acute pain is associated with injury• Chronic pain can be mild to severe• Chronic pain extends beyond six months• Chronic pain associated with stomach cancer

relates to:• Liver• Lungs• Bones

Pain• Pain associated with the tumor

• Tumor pushes against the nerves, bones or organs• Pain can be ameliorated or worsened by

treatments• Chemotherapy: could lead to peripheral neuropathy• Radiation therapy• Surgery

• Pain may be throbbing, constant, stabbing, stinging, achy, cramping, pinching or …

• Pain can lead to other symptoms• Nausea, dizziness, weakness or drowsiness• Anger, depression, anxiety or irritability

Pain Management• Prescription medications• Implanted pain pumps• Nerve block therapies• Physical therapy • Acupuncture and auriculotherapy• Massage therapy• Relaxation techniques and guided

imagery• Chiropractic treatment

Reflection•Having completed the review of the literature, what did you find to be the most helpful part of the unit?

Reflection•What have you found this week, in relation to pain management, that you already knew about and that you did not know about (Bristol & Zerwekh, 2011)?

•Plan to indicate three (3) holistic care practices that you learned studying about the pain management of a patient who has stomach cancer.

•How will you implement this into holistic care?

ReferencesBristol, T. J., & Zerwekh, J. (2011). Essentials of e-learning for nurse educators. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN: 9780803621732.Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2017). Pain management for stomach cancer. Retrieved online at http://www.cancercenter.com/stomach-cancer/pain-management/Cline, D. (2015). Complexity of Care: A Concept Analysis of Older Adult Health Care Experiences. Nursing Education Perspectives, 36(2), 108-113. Huether, S. & McCance, K. (2012). Understanding Pathophysiology, 5th edition. Elsevier.National Cancer Institute (NCI). (2017). Palliative Care. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/advanced-cancer/care-choices/palliative-care-fact-sheet#q1National League of Nursing. (2013). Faculty resources: ACES: Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors. Retrieved from www.nln.org/facultyprograms/facultyresources/aces/index.htm Snyder, L. & Neubauer, R. (2007). Pay-for-performance principles that promote patient-centered care: An ethics manifesto. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(11), 792-794. Suchy, Y. (2009). Executive functioning: Overview, assessment and research issues for nonneuropsychologists. Annual of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 106-116.Tagliareni, M.E., Cline, D.D., Mengel, A., McLaughlin, B. & King, E. (2012). Quality care for older adults: The NLN Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors (ACES) Project. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(3), 144-149.