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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
Prof.J.Anbalagan
OOGENESIS
• OOGONIUM
• PRIMARY OOCYTE
– 44+XX
• SECONDARY OOCYTE
– 22+X, 1 POLAR BODY
• MATURE OVUM
– 22+X, 3 POLAR BODY
Prof.J.Anbalagan
OVARY
• Surrounded by simple cuboidal cells
– Germinal epithelium
• Deeper – Tunica albuginea
Prof.J.Anbalagan
OVARY • Cortex – Ovarian follicles
• at different stages of maturations
– Stroma
• with spindle shaped cells
• Medulla – Loose connective tissue
with elastic fibers
– Blood vessels
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Stages of maturation
• Primordial follicle
• Primary follicle
• Secondary follicle
• Antral follicle
• Mature follicle (Graffian follicle)
Prof.J.Anbalagan
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE
• Primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac
• Arranged as primordial follicles
• 5th IUL– 6 million primordial follicles
• At birth- 2 million follicles
• Puberty- 40,000 follicles
• 400 follicles mature in reproductive cycle Prof.J.Anbalagan
Growth of ovarian follicles
• PRIMARY FOLLICLES
– Oocyte with prominent nucleus and nucleolus
– Zona pellucida appears (glycoprotein)
– Surrounded by cuboid/columnar granulose cells
Zona pellucida
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Secondary follicle
• Increase in Oocyte size
• Granulosa cells becomes multilayered
• Surrounded by stromal cells-
– Theca interna
– Theca externa
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Antral follicle
• Appearance of spaces between granulosa cells
• Fluid accumulation
• Few cell adhere to ovum- – cumulus oophorus
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Mature Graafian follicle
• Fluid amount increases
• Ovum pushed to one side
• Surrounded by cumulus oophorus
• External follicle surrounded by theca interna and theca externa
• Increased intra follicular pressure
• Follicle ruptures
• Ovulation
• Secondary oocyte in prophase stage
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Mature Graafian follicle
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Corpus luteum
• After ovulation
• Follicular cells collapses
• Invaded by blood vessels
• Follicular cells become polyhedral
• Accumulates lipid vacuoles, yellow pigments
• Corpus luteum of menstruation- 10-12 days
• Corpus luteum of pregnancy- 4 months
• Corpus luteum albican- after involution
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Corpus luteum
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Atretic follicles • Number of follicles
undergoes maturation
• One succeeds
• Remaining degenerates
• Atretic stage occurs in all stages of maturation
• Ovum dies and fibrous tissue grows into the follicle
Prof.J.Anbalagan
FALLOPIAN TUBE
Prof.J.Anbalagan
FALLOPIAN TUBE
• Mucous membrane thrown into folds
• Each fold shows core of lamina propria
• Folds shows primary, secondary and tertiary branches
Prof.J.Anbalagan
• Lined by columnar epithelium
• Ciliated
• non ciliated cells (secretory)
• Muscular layer-circular + longitudinal
• Serosa – highly vascular
Prof.J.Anbalagan
VAGINA
• Tubular organ
• Mucous
• muscular layer
• tunica adventitia
• Connective tissue (elastic fibers) and blood vessels
Prof.J.Anbalagan
VAGINA • Mucous membrane
– Lamina propria-dense with elastic fibers, lymphatic nodules
– Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
– Superficial cells rich in glycogen
• Sub mucosa with connective tissue and blood vessels
• Intermingled longitudinal and circular muscle
Prof.J.Anbalagan
MEDULLA
CORTEX
OVARY
Prof.J.Anbalagan
pf
GF
Prof.J.Anbalagan
VASCULAR SEROSA MUSCLULAR
LAYER
Prof.J.Anbalagan
VAGINA
Stratified non keratinized
Lamina propria
Prof.J.Anbalagan
• Draw a labeled diagram showing the histological features of
– Ovary
– Fallopian tube
• Name the coverings of ovary
• Discuss the functions of corpus luteum
• Discuss the different stages of ovarian follicle
Prof.J.Anbalagan
Prof.J.Anbalagan
