NEONATOLOGY

NEONATOLOGY?Neonatology is a branch of pediatrics that deals with the medical care of new born babies, particularly the premature and sick infants.It is generally a hospital based subspecialty and linked with Neonatal Intensive Care Units(NIUC’s ) .Neonatology field of medicine is opted to overcome the critical conditions of baby.

NICUA Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a special area of the hospital that is devoted to the care of critically ill babies.

Typically a NICU is completely separated from the nursery for healthy newborns, and may not even be in the same building (the nursery is always located near the rooms for the mothers).

The staff for the NICU and the staff for the newborn nursery are completely separate as well.

SUBSPECIALITIESNeonatal cardiologyNeonatal nephrologyNeonatal oncologyNeonatal asthmaNeonatal surgeryNeonatal dermatologyNeonatal pulmonologyNeonatal traumaNeonatal bone disorders

HEALTHY NEW BORNA healthy infant born at term between 38-42 weeks should have average birth with cries immediately following the birth, establishes independent rhythmic respiration and quickly adopts to the changed environment.

IMMEDIATE BASIC CARE

Maintenance of temperatureIdentification of new bornVitamin K injectionInitiation of breastfeedingEstablishment of open airway and circulation

APGAR SCOREApgar is a quick test performed on a baby at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The 5-minute score tells the doctor how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb.

DAILY ROUTINE CARE OF NEONATES

Keeping warmthBreastfeedingSkin care & baby bathCare of umbilical cordCare of the eyesClothing of the baby

COMMON NEONATAL PROBLEMS

Irritant dermatitisErythema toxicumSalmon patchEye sepsisSquintsPreauricular sinusHormonal withdrawlGroinhypospadias

TorticollisRanulaOral thrushNatal teethUmbilical sepsisSpinal dysraphismJaundicePyrexiaNaevus sebaceum

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