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Securing the Securing the SceneScene
Electrical hazards Chemical hazards Noxious & Toxic gases Ground hazards Fire Unstable equipment
Before performing any First Before performing any First Aid, Aid,
Check for:Check for:
Universal Precautions for Universal Precautions for Airborne Airborne
& Bloodborn Pathogens& Bloodborn Pathogens
HIV & Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Gloves & Respiratory Barrier devise are a must to prevent transmission of diseases
Fundamentals of First AidFundamentals of First Aid
1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
2. Control bleeding3. Treat for Shock (medical emergencies)4. Open wounds & Burns5. Fractures & Dislocations6. Transportation
Activate EMS SystemActivate EMS System
“Call Out or 911”
Sources for ConsiderationSources for Consideration
Veins
Capillary
SpurtinSpurtingg
Steady flowSteady flow
OozingOozing
Artery
Internal Injuries
Pressure PointsPressure Points
Where the arterypasses over a bone close to the skin
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
TourniquetTourniquet
AbsoluteAbsolute last resort last resort in controlling in controlling bleeding. Rememberbleeding. Remember
Life over limbLife over limb
Once a Once a tourniquet is tourniquet is applied, it is not applied, it is not to be removed , to be removed , only by a doctoronly by a doctor
ShockShock
Shock affects all Shock affects all major functions of major functions of the bodythe body
loss of blood flow to loss of blood flow to the tissues and the tissues and organsorgans
Shock must be Shock must be treated in all treated in all accident casesaccident cases
Treatment for ShockTreatment for Shock
Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible
-Face is pale-raise the tail-Face is pale-raise the tail
-Face is red-raise the head-Face is red-raise the head
Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing
Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry
Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth
Transport!Transport!
Thermal burnsThermal burnsCold application
Remove constricting clothing
Dry sterile dressing
Treat for shock
TRANSPORT!
Severe BurnsSevere Burns
Send for medical attention.
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20minutes.
Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmedicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.
Severe BurnsSevere Burns
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position.
Treat for shock.
Fractures & DislocationsFractures & Dislocations
Must treat for bleeding first
Do not push bones back into place
Don’t align a break - Unless equipped and trained - treat as found
SplintsSplints
Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of deformity
Be careful of temperature or elevation change
Neck & Spinal InjuriesNeck & Spinal InjuriesCARE AND TREATMENT
ABC's
extreme care in initial examination — minimal movement
urgent ambulance transport
apply cervical collar or support
treat for shock
treat any other injuries
maintain body heat
if movement required, 'log roll' and use assistants
always maintain head alignment with the spine
Lifting Lifting TechniquesTechniques
Two person carryTwo person carry
Lift & roll or log rollLift & roll or log roll
4 person straddle4 person straddle