Obtained nursing training in 1851 from Germany

Pioneered the concept of formal nursing education

Influenced the philosophy of nursing Her strongest influence was education,

observation and hands on experience 1860 – published Notes on Nursing

Considered as the first nursing theorist Information on her theory has been

obtained through interpretation of her writings

Her theory significantly influenced 3 other groups of theories – Adaptation theory, Need theory and Stress theory.

First published nursing theory (1860) Relates person with environment Stresses the healing properties of the

physical environment Nursing puts patients in the best conditions

for nature to act upon them “Nature alone Cures”

Physical

Psychological

Social

Consists of physical elements where the patient is being treated

Affects all other aspects of the environment Cleanliness of environment relates directly

to disease prevention and patient mortality. Aspects of the physical environment

influence the social and psychological environments of the person

Can be affected by a negative physical environment which then causes stress

Requires various activities to keep mind active. (i.e appealing food, a pleasing environment)

Involves communication with the person about the person and about other people

( therapeutic, soothing and unhurried communication)

Involves collecting data about illness and disease prevention

Includes component of the physical environment- clean air, clean water, proper drainage

Consists of a person’s home or hospital room, as well as the total community that affects the patient’s specific environment.

Proper ventilation Adequate light Sufficient warmth Control of noise Control of Effluvia

Theory focused on environment. Environment – “ All the external conditions

and influences affecting the life and development of an organism and capable of preventing, suppressing or contributing to disease, accidents or death.”

Health of houses Ventilation and

warming Light Noise Variety Bed and bedding Cleanliness of

rooms and walls

Personal cleanliness

Nutrition and taking food

Chattering Hopes and Advices

Social considerations

Every women is a nurse – responsibility for someone’s health.

Person (patient) is being acted upon by the nurse or affected by the environment.

“Patient is passive”- Not influence the nurse or the environment.

Health is maintained through the prevention of disease via environmental health factors.

Environment – ‘chief source of infection’.

Referred to by Nightingale as “The patient”

A human being acted upon by a nurse, or affected by the environment

Has reparative power to deal with diseases

Recovery is in the patient’s power as long as a safe environment exists

The foundational concept of Nightingales theory

The external conditions and forces that affect one’s life and development

Includes everything from a persons food to a nurses verbal and nonverbal interactions with the patient.

Maintained by using a person’s healing powers to the fullest extent

Maintained by controlling the environmental factors so as to prevent disease

Disease is viewed as a reparative process: instituted by nature

Nurses help patient through their healing process

Provides fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and a proper diet.

Facilitates patient’s reparative process by ensuring the best possible environment

Influences the environment to affect health

Supports the nursing process.

SIMPLICITY Simple and logical enough to allow visual

representation.GENERALITY

Attempts to provide general guidelines for all nurses in all times.EMPIRICAL PRECISION

Concepts and relationships are frequently stated implicitly and are presented as established truths.

No provision for empirical examination

DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES *Encompass the areas of practice, research

and education.

Vague

Not tested