Upload
melly34
View
1.588
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WCUI Level 2Medical-Surgical Nursing
Hematology and Lymphatic System Disorders
Text Resources
Christensen• CH 47 p.1528
ATI * CH 26- 27
Disorders- 1
- Review Structure & Function
- Assessment
- Lab & diagnostics Coagulation Platelets and Count
Disorders- 1
Review Structure & Function
Disorders- 1 Anemia
- Sickle-Cell Anemia
-Transfusions
Lymphatic Disorders
Hemophilia Von Willebrand’s Disease DIC Multiple Myeloma Lymphangitis Lymphedema Hodgkin’s Disease Non-Hodgkin’s Disease
- Leukemia - Lymphomas
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
The heart pumps 5–6 liters of blood per minute through adult circulatory system.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
The lymphatic system is a separate vessel system with two main functions:
• Transport excess fluid from the interstitial spaces to the circulatory system.
• Protect the body from infections.
Disorders- 1
Von Willebrand’s Disease
Von Willebrand
Definition • most common hereditary bleeding disorder.
Von Willebrand Causes
• a deficiency of von Willebrand factor. Von Willebrand factor helps blood platelets clump together and stick to the blood vessel wall, which is necessary for normal blood clotting.
• affects both men and women
• most cases are mild
• bleeding may occur after surgery or when you have a tooth pulled.
Disorders- 1
Lymphangitis
&
Lymphedema
Disorders- 1
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Occurs when the body does not have enough iron to synthesize functional Hgb.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Symptoms: • Fatigue
• Palpitations
• Tachycardia
• Exertional dyspnea
• Pica
• Stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Brittle hair.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Treatment includes
• iron preparations and
• changes in diet
Disorders- 1
APLASTIC ANEMIA
APLASTIC ANEMIA
Occurs when the bone marrow stops making enough blood cells.
APLASTIC ANEMIA Symptoms:
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Fever
• Palpitations
• Headaches
• mouth ulcers
• Petechiae
• gingival bleeding
• epistaxis
APLASTIC ANEMIA
Treatment includes
• bone marrow transplants and
• medications
Disorders-1
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Inability to absorb vitamin B12 due to the absence of intrinsic factor.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Symptoms: • Weakness
• sore tongue
• Edema
• Ataxia
• Dizziness
• Dyspnea
• Headache
• Fever
• blurred vision, etc.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Treatment includes
• lifetime replacement of vitamin B12.
Disorders-1
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Destruction of RBCs occurs, and iron and hemoglobin are released.
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Symptoms: • Mild fatigue and pallor
• Jaundice
• Palpitations
• Hypotension
• Dyspnea
• Back and joint pain
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Treat to
• remove cause
• also blood transfusions
• Splenectomy
• medications
Disorders-1
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (INHERITED HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA)
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (INHERITED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA)
Genetic disorder that causes abnormally shaped red blood cells.
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (INHERITED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA) Symptoms include
• anemia
• enlarged heart
• fatigue
• jaundice
• chronic leg ulcers
• tachypnea
• dyspnea
• arrhythmias
• severe pain
SICKLE CELL ANEMIA (INHERITED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA) (continued)
Treatment includes medications and symptomatic care during crises.
Disorders-1
POLYCYTHEMIA
POLYCYTHEMIA
Increased production of red blood cells.
POLYCYTHEMIA Symptoms:
headaches dizziness tinnitus blurred vision fatigue, weakness pruritis exertional dyspnea, angina increased blood pressure and pulse.
POLYCYTHEMIA
Treatment includes
• Phlebotomy
• Medications
• Dietary changes
Disorders-1
LEUKEMIA
LEUKEMIA
Malignancy in which the bone marrow produces increased numbers of immature white blood cells that cannot protect the body from infections.
LEUKEMIA (continued)
Four categories:
Acute myelogenous (AML) Acute lymphocytic (ALL) Chronic myelogenous (CML) Chronic lymphocytic (CLL)
LEUKEMIA (continued) Symptoms
fever chills fatigue pallor malaise tachycardia, tachypnea petechiae, bruising epistaxis, melena, gingival bleeding increased menstrual bleeding.
LEUKEMIA (continued)
Treatment includes
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• Blood products
• Antibiotics
• Bone marrow transplants.
Disorders-1
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Reduced number of granulocytes.
AGRANULOCYTOSIS Symptoms:
headache fever chills fatigue mucous membrane ulcerations low white blood counts
AGRANULOCYTOSIS
Treat to remove the cause of bone marrow suppression and treat or prevent infection.
Disorders-1
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR
COAGULATION (DIC)
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
Syndrome of alternating clotting and hemorrhaging due to a primary disease process or condition.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
Symptoms include
• oozing from a venipuncture mucus membrane, wound.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
Treatment:
• blood replacement and medications, and for primary condition.
Disorders-1
HEMOPHILIA
HEMOPHILIA
Inherited bleeding disorder in which there is a lack of clotting factors.
The main symptom is bleeding.
Treatment includes replacement of missing clotting factors.
Disorders-1
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Decrease in the number of platelets in the blood.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Symptoms:
• Petechiae
• Ecchymoses
• Bleeding from mucous membranes.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Treatment:
• transfusions of platelets
• Splenectomy
• Medications
• diet changes
Disorders-1
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA &
NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Rare lymphoma usually arising as painless swelling in a lymph node.
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Painless enlarged lymph nodes in neck, groin, above clavicles, fatigue, pruritis, fever, night sweats, anemia.
HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Treatment includes
• Radiation
• Chemotherapy
• Diet changes
NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA Symptoms:
enlarged, painless lymph nodes in neck, axillary, abdominal, and inguinal areas
fever, night sweats excessive tiredness Indigestion abdominal pain loss of appetite bone pain
NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Treatment:
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
Disorders-1
MYELOMA
MYELOMA
Plasma cells become malignant, crowd out normal cell production, destroy normal bone tissue, and cause pain.
MYELOMA
Symptoms: • bone pain, swollen and tender joints, low-grade
fever, general malaise.
Myeloma is not curable, so treatment is symptomatic.
Coming UP…