Understanding Planes & Axes of Movement

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UNDERSTANDINGPLANES & AXES OFMOVEMENT

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UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT

The body performs movements through a plane

and around an axis.

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A plane is an imaginary flat surface along which a

movement takes place.

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SAGITTAL PLANE

A vertical plane of the body which passes from

front to rear dividing the body into two

symmetrical halves.

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TRANSVERSE PLANE

Any horizontal plane of the body which is

parallel to the diaphragm; also called

the horizontal plane.

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FRONTAL PLANE

Plane of the body which passes from side to side

at right angles to the sagittal plane; also called

the coronal plane.

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An axis is an imaginary line about which the body (or

limb) rotates.

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FRONTALHORIZONTAL AXIS

Axis of the body that passes horizontally from

side to side at right angles to the sagittal

plane.

FRONTALHORIZONTAL

AXIS

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VERTICAL AXIS

Axis of the body that passes from head to foot

at right angles to the transverse plane.

VERTICALAXIS

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SAGITTALHORIZONTAL AXIS

Axis of the body that passes from front to rear

lying at right angles to the frontal plane.

SAGITTALHORIZONTAL

AXIS

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Physical activity ismade possible by

movements and motions.

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Every movementtakes place in one plane and

around one axis.

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They are also categorized by movement type.

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FLEXION &EXTENSION

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FLEXION takes place when the angle decreases between the two

bones attached to a joint.

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EXTENSIONtakes place when the angle

between the two bones attached to a joint increases.

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HYPEREXTENSIONoccurs when a joint is overstretched (or bent backwards) because of

an exaggerated extension motion.

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Both flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane about the frontal

axis.

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SPINAL EXTENSION/SPINAL HYPEREXTENSION

SPINAL EXTENSION/SPINAL FLEXION

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SPINAL EXTENSION/SPINAL HYPEREXTENSION

NECK EXTENSION/NECK FLEXION

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WRIST EXTENSION/WRIST FLEXION

ELBOW EXTENSION/ELBOW FLEXION

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HIP EXTENSION/HIP FLEXION

WRIST EXTENSION/WRIST HYPEREXTENSION

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KNEE EXTENSION/KNEE FLEXION

HIP EXTENSION/HIP HYPEREXTENSION

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ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION

ANKLE DORSIFLEXION

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ADDUCTION &ABDUCTION

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ADDUCTION is a movement laterally

toward the middle of the body.

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ABDUCTION is a movement laterally away from the middle of the body.

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Both adduction and abduction

occur in the frontal plane

about the sagittal axis.

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LATERAL FLEXIONOF THE NECK

LATERAL FLEXIONOF THE SPINE

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RADIAL DEVIATIONOF THE WRIST

SHOULDER ABDUCTION

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HIP ABDUCTION

ULNAR DEVIATIONOF THE WRIST

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ANKLE INVERSION

HIP ADDUCTION

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ANKLE EVERSION

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ROTATION

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INTERNAL ROTATION takes place when the front

part of the body part rotates towards the middle

(midline) of the body.

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EXTERNAL ROTATION takes place when the front

part of the body part rotates away from the middle(midline) of the body.

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Rotation (internal and external)

occur in the transverse plane

about the vertical axis.

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ROTATION OFTHE NECK

ROTATION OFTHE SPINE

ROTATION TO THE

LEFT

ROTATION TO THE RIGHT

ROTATION TO THE RIGHT ROTATION

TO THE LEFT

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ROTATION OFTHE ARM

ROTATION OFTHE LEG

EXTERNALROTATION

INTERNALROTATION

EXTERNALROTATION

INTERNALROTATION

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HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION OF THE SHOULDER

ROTATION OFTHE FOREARM

EXTERNALROTATION

INTERNALROTATION

SHOULDERADDUCTION

SHOULDERABDUCTION

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HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION/ABDUCTION OF THE HIP

HIPADDUCTION

HIPABDUCTION

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CIRCUMDUCTION is the combination of

movements through two or more planes of motion.

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Health & Medicine

Understanding Planes & Axes of Movement