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Liebig’s Law of the Minimum
Yield is proportional to the amount of the most limiting nutrient, whichever nutrient
it may be.
Fortification
CMAM
Zinc Supplementation
Growth
monitoring
&
Promotion
Universal
Salt
Iodization
PD Hearth
Vitamin A
Supplementation
Infant &Young Child Feeding
Iron/FA
Supplementation
Maternal Nutrition
NACS
NACS
NACS
NACS
NACS
Nutrition Assessment, Counseling & Support
Establishing a Nutrition Standard of Care
NACS: A platform for integrating nutrition into the continuum of care
Nutrition care & support
Economic strengthening,
livelihoods & food security
Health system strengthening
HIV-Free Survival
OBJECTIVES:• Improve nutritional status• Improve infant survival• Reduce food insecurity• Strengthen health systems
GOAL: Improved health and quality of life
NACS: A Life Cycle Approach
Adul
thoo
d
Birth
Pregnancy
Infancy
ChildhoodAdolescence
NACS
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Linearizing the Life Cycle as a Continuum of Care
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
C & TART & ARV Prophylaxis
Tx of Malnutrition
Maternal Nutrition &
IYCF Counseling
Photo: Wendy Hammond
Photos: Wendy Hammond
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
ART & ARV Prophylaxis
Peri-/Postnatal Care
Maternal Nutrition &
IYCF Counseling Photo: Wendy Hammond
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Photos: Save the Children Federation
Postnatal CareDeworming
MicronutrientsIYCF/GMP
CMAMTracking/Follow-Up of
Mother-Infant Pairs
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Photo of Plumpy’nut® from Valid International; all others: Save the Children Federation
Pediatric CareNutrition
Surveillance/GMP & Referral
MicronutrientsCMAM
BirthPregnancy Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood
Photo: LINKAGES Project
Nutrition Surveillance,
Referral, Assessment & CounselingDeworming
MicronutrientsCMAM
Nutrition Surveillance,
Referral, Assessment & Counseling
MicronutrientsTx of malnutrition
• Links vulnerable to clinical services -- reciprocal impact between health & nutrition -- most powerful nutrition intervention for AIDS patients is ART
• Corrective chronic nutrition mgmt -- continuum of care
• Link patients to support groups & community services
• Referrals for economic strengthening, livelihood & food security (ES/L/FS) support
• Health system strengthening -- NACS for general population, not just HIV-patients & families
Why NACS??
NACS Hinges on Nutrition Assessment
1. Routine Comprehensive Assessment• Anthropometry• Biochemical• Clinical• Dietary• Household Food security
2. Analyze/interpret data using evidence-based standards
3. Identify nutrition problems
4. Determine causes/contributing risk factors
5. Cluster signs/symptoms and defining characteristics
6. Determine an appropriate Nutrition Care Plan
Nutrition Counseling
1. Understanding of client preferences, constraints & options
2. Nutrition Care Plans3. Optimal diet4. Dietary management of symptoms5. Dietary management of drug side-effects6. Adherence to medications & clinical visits7. Chronic disease management8. Exercise9. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)10. Referral to community services, including household
ES/L/FS support
Nutrition Support
Treatment of Malnutrition
Prevention of Malnutrition
Economic Strengthening, Livelihood & Food Security Support
Water, Sanitation, & Hygiene (WASH)
• Corrective Medical Care & Tx• Food by
Prescription• Provision of MN
Supplements
• Routine Medical Care & Tx• Provision of MN
Supplements• Provision of
Complementary Foods/Dietary Supplements
• Savings• Microcredit• Income-
generating activities• Household food
production• Food assistance
• Distribution of POU water treatment products or vouchers• Latrine
construction
Enabling Environment
SUN/1000 Days
Feed the
Future
Global Health
Initiative
Policies, Strategies & Guidelines Training
Research/M&E
Supply Chain Management
Quality ImprovementHuman Resources
Funding/Financing
Referral Links & Tracking
Mapping/Strengthening
Services
NACS
PEPFAR
Title II
Community Demand
17
NUTRITION ASSESSMENT
NUTRITION SUPPORT
NUTRITION COUNSELING
Biochemical
WASH
IYCF/GMP
Nutrition Care Plan
Adherence to medications
Dietary management of symptoms, drug
side-effects and drug-food interactions
Maternal Nutrition
Exercise
Prompt treatment of
infections
Household food
rations
Referrals
Referrals
CommunityFood by Prescription: Therapeutic,
Supplementary & Complementary
Foods
Micronutrient supplements
Point-of-use water treatment
Food
security
AnthropometryClinicalDietary
Referrals
Referrals
ClinicSupport Groups
Community Health Workers
Economic Strengthening, Livelihoods & Food Security