The North The North PolePole

The ArcticThe Arctic•Survival Survival ISIS possible possible• Nearly 4 million people (theNearly 4 million people (the

population of Connecticut) and 8 population of Connecticut) and 8 different nations endure these different nations endure these extremesextremes

CROW-too-ahCROW-too-ah= = I am I am

ColdCold (Western Eskimo) (Western Eskimo)

VS. North Terrestrial VS. North Terrestrial PolePole

North Magnetic PoleNorth Magnetic Pole

•North Magnetic Pole-North Magnetic Pole- shifts 6-25 miles every year, 6.5-shifts 6-25 miles every year, 6.5-

10 feet thick ice cap floating 10 feet thick ice cap floating above the Atlantic Ocean, the above the Atlantic Ocean, the magnetic field in which compasses magnetic field in which compasses point topoint to

•North Terrestrial Pole-North Terrestrial Pole-

an axis on which the earth spins, an axis on which the earth spins, point on the map, about 600 miles point on the map, about 600 miles away from magnetic poleaway from magnetic pole

What What To To

WearWear

• Clothing Clothing -several layers of loose light porous -several layers of loose light porous

windproof clothing windproof clothing (Do NOT wear waterproof)*(Do NOT wear waterproof)* -WEAR WOOL & FURS!-WEAR WOOL & FURS!

- - 40-45%40-45% body heat can be lost body heat can be lost through exposure of the head, through exposure of the head, hands, feet, neck, wrists, ankles.. hands, feet, neck, wrists, ankles..

Keep covered at all times!! Keep covered at all times!!

**Clothes must prevent snow Clothes must prevent snow compacting, but be porous compacting, but be porous enough to allow water vapor to enough to allow water vapor to escapeescape

Remember…Remember…

CC- Keep clothing - Keep clothing cleanclean

OO- Avoid - Avoid overheatingoverheating

LL- Wear clothes - Wear clothes loose loose and in and in layerslayers

DD- Keep clothing - Keep clothing drydry

SuppliesSupplies-Snow Goggles-protect eyes -Snow Goggles-protect eyes

from snow blindnessfrom snow blindness

(can be made of scrap (can be made of scrap material such as wood)material such as wood)

-Dog Sleds & Snow Shoes= way of -Dog Sleds & Snow Shoes= way of transportationtransportation

-Food Availability = LOW-Food Availability = LOW

Arctic Arctic TemperaturesTemperatures

• Winter Winter temperaturtemperatures in Febes in Feb

(-31 (-31 ◦◦F)F)

Summer Summer temperaturtemperatures in Julyes in July

(32 (32 ◦◦F)F)

Wind Chill*Wind Chill*

*Sun is low and thin spread in high latitudes

*Extreme arctic climates are due to spherical geometry

Human Human AdaptationsAdaptationsTemperature regulationTemperature regulation

Shivering- blood vessels dilate and Shivering- blood vessels dilate and contract contract

Hypo metabolism saves energyHypo metabolism saves energy-secretion of thermogenic hormones

such as thyroid and adrenal hormones- increase body heat

High blood pressureHigh blood pressure-cold-induced increase in the

peripheral resistance

S.A.D. S.A.D. Seasonal Affective DisorderSeasonal Affective Disorder

-Seasonal changes in levels of brain -Seasonal changes in levels of brain chemicals such as melatonin and chemicals such as melatonin and serotonin in response to change of serotonin in response to change of exposure to light and darknessexposure to light and darkness

-Sad/ Depressed- Suicides increase-Sad/ Depressed- Suicides increase

-Vitamin D-Vitamin D

-* Can cause rickets, tetanus and -* Can cause rickets, tetanus and osteomalaciaosteomalacia

HypothermiaHypothermia

• Total body cooling, a bodily Total body cooling, a bodily response which occurs when the response which occurs when the right conditions are present such right conditions are present such as wind exposure, wet conditions, as wind exposure, wet conditions, where the body becomes very where the body becomes very cold, coupled with total cold, coupled with total exhaustionexhaustion

• 9494≥˚≥˚FF

Frost BiteFrost Bite

• Body’s inability to compensate for Body’s inability to compensate for cold exposure that produces injurycold exposure that produces injury

-Time of exposure, humidity, -Time of exposure, humidity, clothing clothing WIND CHILLWIND CHILL

Temperature drops, blood flow to Temperature drops, blood flow to surface decreases, blood vessels surface decreases, blood vessels dilate, fluid shifts and crystal dilate, fluid shifts and crystal formation occursformation occurs