SEMINARY

Sebastián Calle DíazSebastián Vera Henao

High prevalence of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy

children in Thailand

Sebastián Calle DíazSebastián Vera Henao

INTRODUCTION

Streptococcus:

Streptococcus:This is a Gram positive bacteria, as it is also the STAPHYLOCOCCUS.Both are COCIS .

Streptococcus is organized in chains.

Streptococcus:The difference that has this bacteria, is that it is negative catalase and oxygenase.

Anaerobics

Homofermentative

Streptococcus:

Gram-positive lancet-shaped cocci arranged in

pairs (diplococci) or short chains

α-hemolysis

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER

Pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and infections of

the upper respiratory tract such as otitis media, mastoiditis, and

sinusitis.

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

They are a common cause of conjunctivitis, especially in

children.

Pneumococcal pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and

mortality in developing countries

STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

DR

It´s when an organism (like bacteries) doesn´t answer to a tratamient. It is caused by bad use

of the antibiotics.

MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT

MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT

What´s the problem?

-The diseases are becoming intractable, because with the inappropriate use of the medicaments, the people is generating MDR in the organisms; this is making that now, some diseases kill more people because there are not an effective treatment.

MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT

What´s the problem?

-It's something That is becoming a big problem. where doctors , pharmaceutical medicine and the comunity in general is trying to fight , because there are now some really dangerous diseases are presenting MDR

MULTI-DRUG-RESISTANT

OBJECTIVES

THE AIMN

Determine the prevalence of carriage rate

The antibiotic sensitivity profile

The genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae isolated from Thai

children.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS

Población Estudiada

• El estudio se realizo en 237 niños de la provincia de Phitsanulok, Tailandia.

• Eran pertenecientes a 4 escuelas: - Guardería.

- Jardín - Elemental

• Diferentes distritos: (1) urbano y (2) rulares.

Población Estudiada

Aislamiento bacteriano e identificación de

S.Pneumoniae

El aislamiento bacteriano se realiza para tener “bacterias puras” al momento de realizar un estudio y por lo tanto hacerlo mas confiable.

• Siembra por estría

Detección de 16S rRNA y el gen lytA por PCR

Se utilizó la PCR para la confirmación de las cepas de mediante la detección de genes 16S rRNA and lytA los cebadores utilizados fueron • 16S:

5-AGTCGGTGAGGTAACCGTAAG-35-AGGAGGTGATCCAACCGCA-3

• lytA:5-CAACCGTACAGAATGAAGCGG-35-TTATTCGTGCAATACTCGTGCG-3

Determinación de la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos

El método utilizado fue el estándar de difusión de disco.

Electroforesis en gel de campos pulsantes.

Es método utilizado para la separación de grandes fragmentos de ADN, induciendo su reorientación mediante cambios periódicos del campo eléctrico.

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

Authors What they said

Chen CJ,HuangYC,E tial

The result of S.pneumoniae nasal colonization in our study (16.0%) is close to the prevalence of S.pneumoniae in healthy children (27%) and pupils (14%) in northern Taiwan.

Agree

Bae S, Yu JY, EtialThis is in agreement with thePrevious report from Korea involving children aged 7—10Years old (12.2%).

Agree

Chen CJ,HuangYC,E tial

Nonetheless, the carriage rate of children less than 5 years in this study was lower than that reported of children in Zambia(71.9%), Brazil (55%), Hungary(37.7%) and Malaysia (35.4%).

Disagree

Bae S, Yu JY, EtialIncreased antibiotic consumption has been shown to contribute to emergence of antibiotic resistance in Streptococci.

Agree

CONCLUSION

MDR is a problem that the medicine has to evaluate and need to try to fight; and one

of the way is teaching the people the problems of this, because if educate the

comunity, maybe could cut back the MDR.

One of the biggest thing that we should see is that the kids are involved in this

problem, one thing more that shows how is incrementing this. A reason for fight

more with MDR.

Health staff should be in constant evolution at the moment of medical

prescription, because as we saw in this study, bacteria are in constant evolution

The misuse of antibiotics are in close relationship with Horizontal gene transfer

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Thummeepak R, et al. High prevalence of multi-drug resis-tant Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children in Thailand. J Infect Public Health (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.002

RYAN K.J., RAY C (2014). Streptococci and Enterococci. In RYAN K.J., RAY C (Eds), Sherris Medical Microbiology, Sixth Edition. Retrieved February 21, 2015 from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1020&Sectionid=56968767

Levinson W (2014). Gram-Positive Cocci. In Levinson W (Eds), Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 13e. Retrieved February 21, 2015from http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1023&Sectionid=57053454.

CONCEPTUAL MAPS

GRACIAS