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presented by abraham haile during the world rabies day seminar event on October, 18, 2014 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to educate teachers and parents from elementary schools on rabies burden, risk factors, and preventive measure taking to account their role as teachers and parents.
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World Rabies Day Commemorational Event “Teachers and Parents together against rabies”, October 18,
2014, Addis Ababa
Rabies in children and preventive measures
Abraham Haile (Dr.)
Outline
• Why do we care about rabies?
• Death burden in Children
• the risk factors in children• role of teachers and parents in protecting
children from rabies
Why do we care about rabies?• Rabies is a viral disease that is almost 100%
fatal.• There is NO CURE for the disease once
manifested. Horrific incident and death. • It results in annual loss of more than 55,000
lives worldwide and >1,400 people in Ethiopia. • Children < 15 are highly affected. • In Ethiopia, 45% of the population segment
are children below 15.
What is the death burden in Children?Year Study area/ source Children
death in percentage
1997 Ethiopia 40%
2002 Ethiopia 38.82%
2010 Ethiopia 42.74%
2012 Ethiopia 39.3%
2012 Ethiopia (national survey) 60%
2013 Ethiopia 47.9%
2014 WHO, world wide 40%
What is death burden in Children?....
• The burden in children is seen more in rural areas (84.4%) than in the capital.
• Meanwhile, children in the capital had intensely suffered the burden than adults (close to 90%).
• Dog is the primary cause of death.
What are the risk factors in children?• Vulnerable nature
Stature of children (severe bite on face) unable to defend themselves (multiple bites)
Severe bite
Severe bite
Multiple bite
Severe bite
Multiple bite
Severe bite
What is the effect of severe and multiple bite???• Shorten incubation period. • In some case, death may occur even if
treatment is being taken.• Requires serious medical intervention (anti
rabies vaccine + immunoglobulin) • Physical disfigure
What are the risk factors in children?....
• Playing with known and unknown animal (puppies, kittens)
• Provoking animals for attack (naive nature of children, paralytic form of rabies)
• Hide exposure (hinder timely treatment) • Poor animal management• Weak supervision of children For Eg. Leaving children alone, assigning on adult task,
giving dog management responsibility to children.
Children with dogs
Children with dogs
What is the role of teachers and parents in protecting
children from rabies?
Exposure points
What is your role?
1. Educate children Do NOT play with unknown animals.
Do NOT run if a dog chases you, instead stand still and call for help.
Do NOT stare at animals.
What is your role?....
Do NOT chase a dog or throw stones at them.
Do NOT provoke any animal.
What is your role?....• Encourage children to report exposures
immediately
What is your role?....
• If a dog attacks you then curl yourself and protect your face, be still and call for help.
What is your role?....• Educate children to respect animal rights
Animal feel pain like humans!The ultimate benefit of animals is for humans!
What is your role?...
2. Follow appropriate preventive measures Seek medical careAnimal vaccinationAnimal management
What is your role?....
Seek timely medical care1. Wound management 2. Follow up of animal for 10 days (if available)3. anti rabies vaccine
What is your role?....
• Wash wounds immediately with soap and water for 15 minutes!!!
What is your role?....
• First aid treatment such as TAT are treatment for bacterial infections but NOT for rabies virus !!!
• Attention to minor bites!!! Virus is significantly smaller than a scratch!!!
What is your role?....
• Follow up of animal for 10 days (if available)• Receive anti rabies vaccine shots.
What is your role?....Appropriate animal management (leashing etcVaccinate pets (dogs and cats)
Exposure points and preventive measures
Animal management
Educate kids
Rabies free environment for children
Together against rabies!!!
