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DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY AHMAD DOBEA M.D .

Psychotherapy & talk therapy

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Page 1: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

AHMAD DOBEA M.D.

Page 2: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOOD TALK AND PSYCHOTHERAPY?

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IS PSYCHOTHERAPY EFFECTIVE?

Page 4: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

psychotherapy is indeed effective

Psychotherapy alone did not differ in effectiveness from medication plus psychotherapy.

No specific modality of psychotherapy did better than any other for any disorder .

Psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers did not differ in their effectiveness as treaters; and all did better than marriage counselors and long-term family doctoring

Long-term treatment did considerably better than short-term treatment ..

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the type of treatment is not a factor.

the theoretical bases of the techniques used, and the strictness of adherence to those techniques are both not factors,

the therapist's strength of belief in the efficacy of the technique is a factor.

the personality of the therapist is a significant factor,

the alliance between the patient and the therapist (meaning affectionate and trusting feelings toward the therapist, motivation and collaboration of the client, and empathic response of the therapist) is a key factor

The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy

Page 6: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

The Effect of `psychotherapy ‘Effect Size’

Effect size: the difference between treatment and control groups, expressed in standard deviation units.

An effect size of 1.0 means that the average treated patient is one standard deviation healthier on the normal distribution or bell curve than the average untreated patient.

0.8 is a large effect

0.5 is a moderate effect

0.2 is a small effect (Cohen, 1988).

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Psychodynamic therapy

Abbass et al. (2006) 0.97 12 studies

Leichsenring et al. (2004) 1.17 7 studies

Anderson & Lambert (1995) 0.85 9 studies

Abbass et al. (2009) 0.69 8 studies

Messer & Abbass (in press) 0.91 7 studies

Leichsenring & Leibing (2003) 1.46 14 studies

Leichsenring & Rabung (2008) 1.8 7 studies

de Maat et al. (2009) 0.78 10 studies

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How effective is psychotherapy compared to medication

General psychotherapy Smith et al. (1980) 0.85 475 studies

Lipsey & Wilson (1993) 0.75 18 meta-analyses

Robinson et al. (1990) 0.73 37 studies

Antidepressant medication Turner et al. (2008) 0.31 74 studies

Moncrieff et al. (2004) 0.17 9 studies

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CBT and related therapies

Lipsey & Wilson (1993) 0.62 23 meta-analyses

Haby et al. (2006) 0.68 33 studies

Churchill et al. (2001) 1.0 20 studies

Cuijpers et al. (2007) 0.87 16 studies

Ost , (2008) 0.58 13 studies

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STAHL

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TAYPES

Page 12: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

Verbal Psychotherapies

Individual

Couple

Family

Group

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INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES

DYNAMIC

COGNITIVE

HUMANISTIC

INTEGRATIVE

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Bad therapist

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Doesn’t remember your name and/or doesn’t remember your issues from one session to the next

االهتمام = عدم النسيان

Does not pay attention or demonstrate he or she is listening and understanding you.

االنتباه عدم

Habitually late, cancels, or changes appointments

المواعيد احترام

Insufficient and specific training or supervision واالشراف التدريب

Makes guarantees and/or promises. يستطيع مما اكثر يعد

Unlicensed or has many complaints. شكاوى - شهاده ال

Critical of your behavior, lifestyle, or problems. االنتقاد كثير

Tries to push spirituality or religion on to you. تدين عليك يقحم

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“looks down” at you or treats you as inferior. متكبر

Blames your family, friends, or partner, or encourages you to blame them

لوام

Focusing on him/herself instead of you. نفسه على مركز

Tries to be your friend. للصداقه يتودد

Initiates touch, romance, or sex relation. المشاعريه التجاوزات

Reveals identities of his or her other clients. سرك يحفظ ال

Cannot accept feedback or admit mistakes. بالخطأ يعترف ال

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Talks too much or not at all جدا الكالم كثير او قليل

Psychobabble” that leaves you confused. الوضوح عدم

Acts as if she or he has all the answers and keeps telling you how to best fix things.

عارفكلشئ

Encourages your dependency by allowing you to get your emotional needs met from the therapist. Therapist “feeds you fish, rather than helping you to fish for yourself.”

االعتماديه يشجع

Tries to keep you in therapy against your will. بالمريضاكثر يتمسكينبغى مما

Ridicules other approaches to therapy. العالجات من يسخراالخرى

Tries to get you to use control over your impulses without appreciating or attempting to resolve underlying conflicts .

بمشاعرك للتحكم يدفعكحلها دونما

Page 18: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

Pushes you or constantly avoids highly vulnerable feelings or memories.

اوتجنب نحو الدفعالمشاعر

Overly emotional, affected, or triggered by your feelings or issues.

بمبالغه عاطفى

Does not empathize or empathizes too much.

التعاطف جرعه

Page 19: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

FORM

THE PLACE, ROOM, OFFICE,

FURNATURE.

TIME AND DATE.

FEE, WHY

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WHAT TO FOCUS UPON

focus

Emotions

Defense

resistance

Recurring themes

Past experiences

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focus

Motivation

Past & current relations

& with therapist

Fantasy life

Personality type

WHAT TO FOCUS UPON

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Personalities

Page 23: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

hysterical schizoid depressive obsessive

االهمال الفقد من الخوف و العجز و اليأسالتحقير

الخوف

االنتباه جلب االخر يحطم بان التقييم جلب من الرعبالمتغيرات

المبالغه االخر من يتحطم بان للنجاح الجوعواالنجاز

الداخل من الخوف

االحباط االخر يضيع بان النقد من الرعب الغد من الخوف

االنتقام االقتراب من الرعب للكمال السعىالعالمين فى التحكم

الحزن الفراغاالنقسام الهزيمه

التفاهه الذات على

وجودى حزن عدوانيته من الخوفعكس االخر على

البارانويد

Page 24: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

EXAMPLE

HYSTERICAL

Page 25: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

اإلهمال

الكبت

جلب المبالغهاالنتباه

االنتقام

Page 26: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

DYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY

Page 27: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

Su

per

eg

oEgo

Id

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subconscious

Conscious

Un-Conscious

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Ego

Id

Su

per

eg

o

Stimulus

Impulse

subconscious

Conscious

Un-Conscious

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Id

Stimulus

Anxiety

Ego

defenses

Impulse

Su

per

eg

osubconscious

Conscious

Un-Conscious

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In life we experience conflicts with others. 

When conflicts occur, we experience feelings. 

These feelings tell us what we want and mobilize us to act on

our desires.  

However, most patients seek therapy because they cannot

channel their feelings into effective action.

Instead, they become anxious and use defenses. 

These defenses create the presenting problems and symptoms

from which our patients suffer.

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CONFLICT TRIANGLE

FEELINGS , EMOTIONS &

TRANSFERENCE

Anxiety DEFENSES & RESISTANCE

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Thank you

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• What is therapeutic relationship?

• Is a key factor.

• Why it is important?

• What are its ingredients?العالج • يطلب من كالم كالم االسود االحمر

ارشادات المعالج االصفر

العملـــــــى الجــــزء

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General knoledge

• Drop out = 47% (why)

• The first 7 sessions

• Co-creating therapeutic relationship (alliance=

collaborative relation = not kind warm supportive or

empathic relation but it is a relationship designed to

accomplish a specific task)

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الخطوات المنهج / THE INGREDIENTS DECLARE

• 1--THE PROBLEM ؟ المشكله ايه لى تقول ممكن

• -DEFENSES D,P, V, IND

• 2--A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE دى؟ المشكله يوضح مثال تدينى ممكن

• -DEFENSES R, RR, REG,

• 3--FEELINGS AT THAT TIME وقتها؟ ايه كانت انتمشاعرك

• -DEFENSES F, DISP, RAT conflict triangle

• 4--THE IMPACT OF FEELING ON BODY فىجسمك؟ بإيه حسيت

• -DEFENSES

Page 37: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

الخطوات المنهج / THE INGREDIENTS DECLARE

FEELINGS , EMOTIONS &

TRANSFERENCE

Anxiety DEFENSES & RESISTANCE

Page 38: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

االولى الجلسة قبل ما

الكشف

Page 39: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

االولى الجلسهاالولى THE PROBLEM الخطوه

سوا؟ • نحلها عايزنا انت اللى المشكله ايه

لىعشانه؟ • جايه انتى اللى الموضوع ايه

• You will be faced with the:

• 1- the real problem

التانيه • للخطوه وننقل لله الحمد

Page 40: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

Or anxiety:

2-anxiety القلق من مجموعه اى الى وتقسم وتدون تالحظ

a)striated: H.R, R.R, B.P.,

clinch, bruxism etc

b) smooth: migraine, vomiting, diarrhea etc

c) cognitive perceptual disruption: dizzy,

concentration, blurring, ear, dissociation etc

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Or 3-defenses:

• Tactical, vagueness, sarcasm, arguing, laughing, crossing legs

or arms, changing topic.

• Repressive, intellectualization, rationalization, minimization,

displacement, reaction formation

• Regressive, splitting, projection, somatization, acting out,

• Character, identification,

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Possibility 1 P : •. لجوزىمشلى توجهه ده السؤال

• Is this a defense, feeling or anxiety?

• What is the name of this defense? (………)

• Yes, so, you need to see, clarify, round about, block defense,

and focus again upon the problem (pressure).

اعرفمنك • عايز انا الجلسه فى معانا مشموجود هو طيبطالما

فيها؟ اساعدك عاوزانى انتى اللى المشكله ايه انتى

مش • نظره وجهه وهيقول منك اكتر عارفك مشهيبقى الزوج ال

مشوجهه الحقيقيه المشكله اعرف عايز وانا الحقيقيه المشكله

الحقيقيه؟. المشكله ايه انتى لى فقولى نظره

• Never explore this way

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Possibility 2 V

كده .. • حاجه يعنى او بجد مفيشموضوع ان تقول تقدر يعنى

.. كده .. .. بيقولو ما زى العمر منتصف ازمه يعنى عامه عاديه

يعنى.

• Is this defense, feeling or anxiety?

• What is the name of this defense? (..............................)

• Yes,

• so, you need to see, clarify, round about, block defense.

and focus again upon the problem (pressure).

اعرف • عايز اساعدك عشان وانا اوى عمومى كالم بسده

. بالضبط اللى المشكله المشكله ايه لى قولى فضلك فمن

بالظبط . نفحصها عوازانا انتى

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Possibility 3 IND

دخل • لها دلوقتى الماديه مشاكلى تبقى احتمال والله

)……………………….(كبير

• .. الماديه ..!. مشاكلك ان اخر احتمال فيه كمان لكن احتمال

. االحتماالت فى مشهندخل ولو كده فعلشان دخل مايكونشلها

بالظبط المشكله ايه هى لى توضح ممكن

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SPECIFIC EXAMPLE الثانيه الخطوه

• SPECIFIC EXAMPLE

• YOU WILL BE FACED BY DEFENSES

• DETAILED EXAMPLE (file)

• WHY

• HOW

• WHEN

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love anger, sadness, joy, surprise الثالثه الخطوه FEELINGS

Stimulus from environment

A person appears

Body mobilization

Dog barks or licks face

Awareness of body

activation

feelings

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Why feelings are important?

Stimulus leads to emotionFEELINGS

Child & caretaker (anxiety

provoking st)

Defensively conceals emotions

Fear of loss of attachment (adaptive

survival of self and other)

Habitually used in current

relations

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Feelings 1      )A cognitive label:  “I am sad”.

2      )Awareness of physiological arousal: heaviness in the chest and tears

3      )The motoric impulse:  crying

Let’s look at another feeling.1      )A cognitive label: “I am angry”.

2      )Awareness of physiological arousal: sensation of

heat rising from the solar plexus.

3      )The motoric impulse: hands clenched and arms are

raised.

Page 49: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

• AGAIN YOU WILL BE FACED WITH SOME OTHER DEFENSES

• Such as denial through fantasy

• Displacement

• Self abandon , dismissal

Page 50: Psychotherapy & talk therapy

عليكى؟ • بيحب انه لك قال جوزك لما شعورك ايه كان

ووقاحه • ادب قله دى ان حسيت

• . مشمفرضنغطى احنا افعاله وصف مشاعركمشعن عن بسأل بسانا اه

. تقدرى باالفكار مشاعرك غطيتيشعلى ما لو احكام او بافكار مشاعرنا على

مشاعرك؟ لى تقولى

•. .. بيخوفنى .. يمكن كده لى بيتهيئ منى غضبان كان انه أظن انا

• . .. انتى اعرفمشاعرك عايز انا تخمين مجرد ده لكن شعوره نخمن ممكن احنا

. ايه انتى يبقىشعورك خمنناششعوره ما لو يعنى

•. كده التايهه زى اتقفلتحسيت فصلت ساعتها

• .. يعنى ومداراتها المشاعر مع للتعامل طريقتك دى دىمشمشاعر توهتك لكن

. .. ده تحت اللى مشاعرك هى ايه اتقفلتى وال توهتى فصلتيشوال ما لو

•. بتاعه الرخم الكالم استحمل انى جدا ساعدتنى دى بسالففصله

لنتيجه • هيودى العالج فى ده مشاعرنا على ندارى عشان فصلنا لو بساحنا

ايه؟ شكلها

يوصلناشكويس • ما فعال يمكن اه

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TOOLS / TECHNIQUES

Pressure

المحاصره

Face the DEFENSES

المواجهه

Challenge

التحدى

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- الضغط المحاصرهPRESSURE

علىوصف • للوصول التشجيع العالقاتيه االعراضوالمشاكل

لحظه . اول ومن الدقه لمنتهى

نتعامل • عايزنا عشتها او عايشها انت صعوبات او مشاكل فيه

نعالجها . عشان سوا ندرسها او نشوفها او معاها

المشاعر . • الظهار متوجه ضغط وهو

انك .. • عارف انا اه اهلك قدام شتمتك مراتك لما ايه حسيت

ساعتها . ايه كان اعرفشعورك عايز لكن واكتأبت قلقت

الرئيسى • المحرك او المشكله لجذور نوصل عايزنا انت لو

ندرسسوا.. لما للجذور للوصول واضحه صوره هيدينا ده لها

ده . بالقلق فيه انتحسىت اللى بالظبط الوقت

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التحدى CHALLENGE

المريض • وليستحدى الفاعات تحدى هو

والتحدى • االيضاح مرحله دخول تستطيع القلق يقل عندما فقط

بالدفاعات • المقاومه توضيح

مراتكضحكت • من غضبك عن اتكلمنا لما احنا ان الحظت

شويه؟ اعمق مشاعر على بتغطى دى الضحكه هى وقهقت؟

نوضحه • ممكن ده الوقت دفاع ظهر ولو

ناحيه • مشاعرك عن سألتك لما نفسالضحكه ضحكت اهه تانى

مديرك

بالظبط • هيبقىشعورك ضحكتشايه ما انت لو

العالج • يفشل وده انتقاد يبقى زياده او عالقه غير من او بدرى لو

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FACE THEالمواجهه CONFLICT

واحد • اولدفاع بعضها على الدفاع لمنظومه موجه ده

قوى • تدخل هذا

• .. شئ بسبب الحره بإرادتك جاى انت بيحصل اللى ايه كده نبص تعالى

سد تحط المشكله لجذر نوصل عشان نتقدم نحاول ما كل لكن مضايقك

المشكله رؤيه عن ويبعدنى عنك بيفصلنى ده السد كأن كبير

.. .. ده السد وبينك وبينى بره افضل عايزنى انت معقوله مش الحقيقيه

.. مش كده افضل عايزنى انت خالص ليك مفيد مش انى هحس كده انا

.. وساعات الناس كل اساعد اقدرش ما انى عارف انا لك مفيد

العبأ.. وشايل متألم وتفضل معاك فشلى تتحمل هتقدر انت لكن بفشل

لوحدك ده

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من • وتبرير الحذر لعقلنه تحول واال المبكر التفسير

يغرى • سابقا تجنبها تم التى المشاعر معيشه بعد الراحه

واعمق اخرى بالخوضلمشاعر

تكيفيه • ايجابيه افعال الى المشاعر تحويل ثم ومن

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النهايه وفى Ludwig Binswanger, Freud once wrote that

“psychoanalysis is a cure through love.”  Through our constant attention to the patient’s inner life and by blocking the defenses that strangle it .

Through our constant moment to moment attention to the patient’s feelings we actively demonstrate our concern for his/her right to be free from those inhibiting defenses that have perpetuated his/her suffering.  For, as Frieda Fromm-Reichmann said ,

“To redeem one person is to redeem the world”.الناسجميعا احيا فكأنما احياها ومن