ASHWIN GOBBURGUIDE ; DR RAVI BARADOL

PREVENTION OF MALARIA

ACTIVE INTERVENTION MEASURES

I. STRATIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM It has become an essential feature for

planning and development of a sound control strategy to maximize the utilization of available resources.

II. VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES a) ANTI ADULT MEASURES- i. RESIDUAL SPRAING: started with the

discovery of DDT in 1940s and other insecticides.Most effective method to kill the adult mosquitoes.Malathion & fenitrothion widely used due to DDT resistance

ii. SPACE APPLICATION: it is major anti epidemic measure in mosquito borne disease.It involves the application of pesticides in the form of fog or mist using special equipment.

iii. INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION: man-vector contact can be reduced by using repellents and bed nets impregnated with insecticide.

b) ANTI LARVAL MEASURES i. Larvicides : during 20th century anti larval

measures such as oiling the collection of standing water or dusting them with paris green was followed.

ii. Source reduction: techniques to reduce mosquito breeding sites i.e., drainage, flushing, changing the salt content and intermittent irrigation

iii. Integrated control: includes bioenvironmental and personal protection measures.This is more cost effective method and targets multi drug resistant malaria.

Vaccine

• Irradiated mosquitoes : Subjecting mosquitoes to gamma radiation -sufficient to attenuate the malaria parasites so that while they could still enter hepatic cells, they could not develop into schizonts or infect RBCs.

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