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CEREBRAL VEINS
THE ESSENTIAL AND MORE
Anatomy Exemples of diseases
JFIM 2013 F HERAN Fonda=on ROTHSCHILD PARIS
Asymmetries and anatomic varia=ons Impaired in many pathological situa=ons
CEREBRAL VENOUS SYSTEM ANATOMIC REMINDERS
Veins, cor=cal or deep è pierce the arachnoid membrane and the inner (meningeal) layer of the dura mater è venous sinuses
No valves, absence of muscular =ssue, thin walls
MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
Superior Cerebral Veins (SCV)
8 to 12 è Superior sagiBal sinus (SSS)
CEREBRAL VEINS
EXTERNAL (CORTICAL) VEINS
Seizure, fiever SCV thrombosis
PATHOLOGY
Another cause of superficial bleeding: reversible vasospasm
Middle Cerebral Veins (MCV)
Lateral surface of the hemisphere, along the lateral cerebral fissure è Cavernous sinus (CS) or the sphenoparietal sinus.
Great anastomoQc vein of Trolard è SCV è SSS Posterior anastomoQc vein of Labbé (temporal lobe) è
Transverse Sinus (TS)
Inferior Cerebral Veins (ICV)
Small size, drain the under surfaces of the hemispheres, join anterior, middle or basal veins.
Vein of Labbé
Vein of Trolard
INTERNAL (DEEP) VEINS
Internal Cerebral Veins (veins of Galen) = thalamo striate + choroid veins near the interventricular foramen è Backward between the layers of the tela chorioidea of V3 èReceive the corresponding Basal Vein (Rosental vein) è Unite beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum è Great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen) around the splenium of the corpus callosum è Anterior extremity of the straight sinus SS
Praying man6s ICV
BV
GGV
SS
TSV
CV ICV
GV
SS
BV
Basal veins (Rosenthal vein)
= anterior cerebral vein + deep MCV + inferior striate veins è backward around the cerebral peduncle è internal cerebral vein (vein of Galen)
INTERNAL (DEEP) VEINS
PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformaQon Boy > girl New born: Heart failure, (shut) Baby: macrocrania, Child: seizures, focal neurological impairment, mental retarda=on
USUAL VENOUS DRAINAGE
SCV
MCV
ICV
DV
On the surface of the cerebellum. 3 major drainage systems Superior cerebellar veins
across the superior vermis è SS and ICV
Anterior cerebellar veins Petrosal vein
è Superior Petrosal Sinus (SPS) Posterior cerebellar veins (tentorial)
large size è TS, SPS, Occipital Sinus (OS)
CEREBELLAR VEINS
Superior vermian vein
Inferior vermian vein
Tonsillar vein Anterior pontomesencephalic vein
Precentral vein
Superior cerebellar veins Posterior cerebellar veins
Petrosal vein Petrosal vein
Anterior cerebellar veins
Superior petrosal sinus (SPS)
Petrosal vein
Very frequent, thin Through the white ma_er or through the basal ganglia. Detected if pathology
venous hyperpression: thrombosis, AVM malforma=on: développemental (DVA), Sturge Weber
disease.
TRANSCEREBRAL VEINS
Cavernoma 8 % of the DVA, bleeding
Sturge Weber
TS Thrombosis Follow up Increased visibility of transcerebral veins
SINUSES OF THE DURA MATER Venous channels Beetween the two dural layers (perioteal outside, dura mater inside) Devoid of valves, Triangular or round in sec=on, size ì from front to back Lined by endothelium ó veins. Fenestrated , septated, mulQchanneled
Contain arachnoid granulaQons (CSF è venous circula=on) Receive cerebral veins which drain the blood from the brain Communicate with extracranial veins directly (diploic veins, emissary veins through basilar foramina)
Superior sagiBal sinus (SSS) (superior longitudinal sinus)
A_ached margin of the falx cerebri Deviates to one or other side (R>L) è corresponding TS through the torcular Herophili, ó contralateral TS Drains external veins (SCV, veins from the diploë, dura mater and pericranium) è irregularly shaped venous spaces (venous lacunæ) with arachnoid granula=ons (pacchionian bodies)
POSTERO-‐SUPERIOR SINUSES
RTS
LTS
SSS SSS
SS
LTS
SSS
SS
SS
SSS
RTS RTS
PATHOLOGY
Venous thombosis
Diffusion
Inferior sagiBal sinus (longitudinal sinus)
Posterior half or two-‐thirds of the free margin of the falx cerebri. cylindrical form, size ì from front to back è SS Receives several veins from the falx cerebri, the medial surfaces of the hemispheres
Straight sinus (SS)
Junc=on falx cerebri -‐ tentorium cerebelli. Triangular in sec=on, size ì from front to back end of the ISS to the TS Receives the great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen) and the superior cerebellar veins.
Transverse sinuses (TS)
Internal occipital protuberance Curve along the petrous por=on of the temporal bone è internal jugular vein Receive the superior petrosal sinuses, the petrosquamous sinus, some inferior cerebral and inferior cerebellar veins, and some veins from the diploë ó veins of the pericranium (mastoid and condyloid emissary veins) SSS è right TS (larger) (70 % cases) SS è lef TS (agenesia 20 % cases) TS stenosis : Pacchioni granulaQon (30 % normal subjects), trabeculaQon (30 % normal subjects, (medial or lateral third of the right TS) Note: = sigmoid sinus groove on the mastoid part of the temporal .
Occipital sinus
Smallest, around the margin of the foramen
PATHOLOGY
Thrombosis
BRAIN HEMATOMA THINK VEINS
Be carefull with the signal of the veins !
Thrombosis ?
Veins need injecQon !
Cavernous sinuses (CS)
Re=culated structure, numerous interlacing filaments. Dural pouch on either side of the body of the sphenoid bone Superior orbital fissure è apex of the petrous por=on of the temporal bone. Contain internal caro=d artery, caro=d plexus (∑), VI, III, IV, V1 and V2
ANTERO-‐INFERIOR SINUSES
Receive the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, some of the cerebral veins, the sphenoparietal sinus (de Brechet) which courses along the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid
Sphenoparietal sinus
Angular vein
Angular vein
Superior ophthalmic vein
PATHOLOGY
Caro=do-‐cavernous fistula
Drains toward è Superior petrosal sinus ó TS
è Inferior petrosal sinus ó TS (sigmoid sinus)
è Anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses (sinus coronaire)
ó contralateral CS
CS and these 3 sinuses = Basilar plexus è internal jugular vein
è Pterygoid venous plexus
High pression è Superior ophthalmic vein ó angular vein
Superior petrosal sinus (SPS) CS
CS
Posterior intercavernous sinuses
Inferior petrosal sinus (IPS)
IPS
SPS
Vein of Labbé
Pterygoid venous plexus
Inferior petrosal sinus CS
CEREBRAL VEINS ? SO
EASY !