Neurology’sAplications

Is a chronic disease characterized by one or

several neurological disorders that leaves a

predisposition in the brain to generate recurrent seizures,

which often results in consequences

neurobiological, cognitive and psychological.

EPILEPSY

NEUROLOGY

Neurological Diseases

SYMPTOMS

Involuntary contractions of muscle groups

Shaking hands with involuntary movements

Possible tongue biting

abundant salivation

TREATMENTWas based on the use of non-specific depressant of the nervous system

Currently there have been a number of new antiepileptic drugs that try to increase treatment efficacy and reduce side effects.

NEUROLOGY

ALZHEIMER'S

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, a serious brain disorder that impacts daily living through memory loss and cognitive changes.

NEUROLOGY

SYMPTOMS

At first, there are small and subtle memory loss, but over time, this deficiency is becoming more noticeable. and disabling for the individual who will have trouble performing everyday tasks and simple, and also other more intellectual, such as speaking, understanding, reading, or writing.

TREATMENTAt present, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, there are medications that can help control your symptoms

There are four drugs used, called cholinesterase inhibitors

Cholinesterase inhibitors slow the metabolic degradation of acetylcholine

NEUROLOGY

PARKINSON

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative process of the motor pathways that exert an important influence on spinal motor circuits, the brain stem and cerebellum.

SYMPTOMS

medications ;to be effective, medication should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

TREATMENT

NEUROLOGY

Is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia.

The disease is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation.

It is much more common in people of Western European descent than in those of Asian or African ancestry.

NEUROLOGY

HUNTINGTON´S DISEASE

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Quick, sudden jerking movements of the arms, legs,

face and other body parts

impatience Irritability

Psychosis Changes in language

Disorientation or confusion

Loss of memory

NEUROLOGY

There is no cure for Huntington's disease.

treatment is to reduce symptoms and help people to fend for themselves for as long and as comfortably as possible.

NEUROLOGY

TREATMENT

It is an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more women than men.

The disorder is most commonly diagnosed between 20 and 40 years of age

NEUROLOGY

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Loss of balance Muscle spasms

Problems with walking

Double vision

uncontrollable rapid eye movements

NEUROLOGY

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

There is no known cure for multiple sclerosis at the time, but there are therapies that can slow the progression of the disease.

The important thing is to control symptoms and help maintain a normal quality of life.

NEUROLOGY

TREATMENT

Refers to any brain abnormality, the product of a pathological process that compromises the blood vessels.

Risk Factors

HypertensionDiabetesObesityAlcohol Drug Addiction

NEUROLOGY

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Motor deficit.

Sensory deficit

Dizziness HeadacheNEUROLOGY

SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Cerebrovascular disease has no cure.

Possible treatments include hospital care, medicines, transcatheter interventions, surgery and rehabilitation.

NEUROLOGY

TREATMENT

DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

NEUROLOGY

TOMOGRAPHY

Refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave.

A device used in tomography is called a TOMOGRAPH.

The image produced is a TOMOGRAM.

NEUROLOGY

Tomograms are derived

using several

different physical

phenomena listed.

X-rays

Gamma rays

Radio-frequency waves

Electron-positron annihilation

Electrons

Ions

NEUROLOGY

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

Is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain.

NEUROLOGY

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures.

NEUROLOGY

One advantage of an MRI scan is that it is harmless to the patient.

In clinical practice, MRI is used to distinguish pathologic tissue (such as a brain tumor) from normal tissue.

NEUROLOGY

LUMBAR PUNCTURE

Is performed in order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) for:

Biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis.

Very rarely as a treatment ("therapeutic lumbar puncture") to relieve increased intracranial pressure.

NEUROLOGY

BRAIN BIOPSY

Is the removal of a small piece of brain tissue for the diagnosis of abnormalities of the brain

NEUROLOGY

It is used to diagnose:

Alzheimer's disease

Tumors

InfectionInflammation

Other brain

disorders

NEUROLOGY

CASE REPORT Nº01

A 35 year old white femaleshe had noticed some significant changes in neurologic functions

heat intolerance precipitating a stumbling gait and a tendency to fall

visual acuity change periodically

NEUROLOGY

She got sick with a flu and her neurologic condition worsened.

the patient abruptly developed a right

hemisensory deficit after several days of work

The MRI scan was performed at that time and revealed a

multifocal white matter disease - areas of increased T2

signal in both cerebral hemispheres.

NEUROLOGY

FAMILY HISTORY

high blood pressurecancer heart disease

PERSONAL HISTORY

anemia and allergies

had a tubal ligation.

NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION

• mild vibratory sense loss in the distal lower extremities

Diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis

NEUROLOGY

CASE HISTORY N°02PATIENT : 33 Years old / female

who was well until 2 years ago when she noticed an onset of numbness in the left arm

She was able to walk normally but a few weeks later developed a relapse of neurologic dysfunction

NEUROLOGY

How many possible demyelinating lesions could be suspected in this patient based upon the clinical history?

At least 4 areas of the CNS may be involved:

•abnormal vision with blind spots•optic pallor•diplopia

NEUROLOGY

What is the most likely location of the demyelinating lesion that is causing these problems in the patient?

Spinal cord, around T4-T5

Which 2 major neurological systems (or tracts) are quite apparently affected in this patient?

A. pyramidal systemB. dorsal columns-

medial lemniscus system

NEUROLOGY

IN CONCLUSION , WHAT’S THE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS FOR THIS PATIENT ?

The patient has a positive Romberg's sign and is mildly ataxic in tendon gait

NEUROLOGY

Thank’s NEUROLOGY