Dr. Yogesh V. UshirM. Pharm. (Pharmacognosy), Ph.D.

Occurrence, distribution, organoleptic evaluation, Chemical Constituents, including tests and therapeutic efficacy of

following categories of drugs;Antihypertensive, astringent

Antihypertensive

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•Agent which reduce elevated BP up to the normal range

•Normal range- 60-120 mm of Hg•Diastolic: 60-80 mm of Hg•Systolic: 80-120 mm of Hg

Rauwolfia•Syn.- serpentina root, chhota chand, snake root, sarpagandha

•Bio. Source- dried roots of the plant Rouwolfia serpentina

•Family- Apocynacaea

The plant discover by Dr. Leonhard Rauwolf hence name given as ‘Rauwolfia’

•Geo. Source- shrilanka, myanmar, thailand, America, india. In India it is cultivated in UP, TN, Gujarat, Karnataka and Maharashtra

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RauwolfiaMorphology-

Mode of Action-Block the activity of dopamine and/or adrenaline at nerve ending

characteristic

Description

Color Grayish yellow to brownOdor Odorless Taste Bitter Size 10-15 cm long and 1-2 cm in

diameterShape Sub-cylindricalFracture Short and irregular

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Rauwolfia Cultivation and collection:

Clay-loamy soil with pH 4 (acidic)Temperature 10o to 38oCRainfall 250-500cmSeeds sown on nursery beds in month of MaySeedlings transplanted in month of AugustShrub is 1 m height, white or rose color flowers

and purple black fruitsPlant provided chemical fertilizers as a

sulphides or urea and mannur as bone meal3-4 yrs plant uprooted; properly clean and dried

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Rauwolfia (Continue…)Chemical Constituents-

Contains INDOLE ALKALOIDSas a ajmaline, aricine, corynanthine, rauwolscine, rescinnamine, reserpine, reserpiline, isoreserpine, isoreserpiline, serpentinine, and yohimbine

Uses- Antihypertensive Tanquillizing effectIn treatment of ‘psychosis’

Substitute- Rauwolfia densiflora, Rauwolfia perkensis, Rauwolfia tetraphylla, Rauwolfia vomitoria

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Astringents

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• Agent which causes precipitation of proteins.

• Causing the contraction of skin cells and other body tissues.

• an astringent lotion applied to the skin to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions or as a cosmetic to make the skin less oily.

Black Catechu•Syn.- katta, khadir, khair, cutch

•Bio. Source- dried aqueous extract from heart wood of Acaccia catechu

•Family- Leguminacae

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Black catechuMorphology-characteristic

Description

Color Light brown to blackOdor None Taste Very astringentSize 2.5 to 5.0 cm

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Black catechu Cultivation and collection:

Manufactured in November-FebruaryHeartwood made to chipsChips boiled with water in earthen pot for 3-4 hrsDecoction is then taken and process reputed several

timesExtract set aside for several days and filter through

sand and claySoluble tannins percolate through bed and katha

remains behindPress in blocks and cut in small tabletsNow a day stainless steel vessels are also used.

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Black catechu (Continue…)

Chemical Constituents-10% acacatechin, tannic acid, quercetin, catechu red (have red-brownish color)

Catechol

Uses- AstringentDigestive purposeSoothing effect at throat, mouth and teeth gum

CatechinIn cough and diarrhea

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Pale catechu

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Synonym- Gambier catechu Biological source- dried extract prepared

from leaves and young twigs of Uncaria gambier

Family- RubiacaeChemical constituents

catechu tannic acid, catechin, catechu red, quercetin, gambier fluresin and chlorophyll

• Uses-• Astringent• Dyeing and tanning industry

Thank You……

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