RETINOPATHY

Objectives

Eye disease in people with diabetes

Transient changes in vision

Retinopathy in people with diabetes

When to screen for retinopathy

Prevalence (%) ranges for retinopathy

Risk factors

Intensive therapy - type 1 diabetes

Intensive therapy - type 2 diabetes

Screening tests

Diabetic retinopathy

Normal retina

Mild-moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)

Severe non-proliferative retinopathy

Classifications

Proliferative retinopathy

Advanced proliferative retinopathy

Vitreous haemorrhage

Macular oedema

Investigations

Fluorescein angiogram

Fluorescein leakage

Treatment

Pan-photocoagulation for proliferative retinopathy

Pan-retinal laser photocoagulation

Grid laser for macular oedema

Laser therapy

Recommendations

Use of medical therapies

Special populations: Pregnancy

Special populations: The older person

Summary

References