MINERAL AND ITS FUNCTION

DefinitionTypes of mineral

FunctionsConclusion (why we need mineral)

WHAT IS MINERAL??

• One of the nutrients that the body needs to

work properly.

• Inorganic micronutrients.

• Natural compounds formed through

geological processes.

• We need mineral in small amounts to help

our body function properly and stay strong.

• Iron, calcium, potassium, and sodium are

some of essential minerals.

TYPES OF MINERAL.. These minerals are divided into two

groups:

MACRO minerals

- Needed by the human body in high

quantities.

- The macro mineral group is made up

of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium,

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, and Sulfur.

MICRO/TRACE minerals

- Needed by the human

body in small quantities.

- Trace minerals includes

Iron, Manganese, Copper,

Iodine, Zinc, Fluoride, and

Selenium.

FUNCTIONTYPE OF MINERAL

FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE

CALCIUM Important for Bones & teeth.Important for metabolic processes.

Dairy Produce OsteomalaciaOsteoporosisRickets Tetany.

Formation of "stones" in the body, especially the Gall Bladder and the Kidneys

IRON Transfer oxygen between tissues in the body.

Blood ,Eggs,Green vegetables,Fortified foods, Liver, Meat, Nuts, Peas, Whole grains.

Anaemia;Increased susceptibility to infections.

Haemochromatosis or Haemosiderosis (involving organ damage)

MAGNESIUM For healthy bones,Functioning of muscle and nerve tissue.

Eggs, Green vegetables, Fish, Milk, Nuts, Wholemeal flour.

Anxiety, Fatigue, Insomnia, Muscular problems, Nausea, Premenstrual problems. Extreme cases, arrhythmia.

Unusual.

TYPE OF MINERAL

FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE

PHOSPHOROUS

Constituent of bone tissue,energy conversion reactions

Dairy products, Fruits, Meat,Pulses, Vegetables.

Anaemia, Demineralization of bones, Nerve disorders, Respiratory problems, Weakness,Weight Loss.

Excess phosphorous can interfere with the body's absorption of: calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc.

Potassium (K) Main base ion of intracellular fluid, to maintain electrical potentials of the nervous system, functioning of muscle and nerve tissues

Cereals, Coffee, Fresh Fruits, Meat, Salt-subsitutes, Vegetables, Whole-grain flour.

General muscle paralysis, Metabolic disturbances.

Arrhythmia, and ultimately cardiac arrest ("heart attack").Metabolic disturbances.

Sodium (Na) Controls the volume of extracellular fluid in the body, Maintains the (pH) balance in the body, maintain electrical potentials of the nervous system functioning of muscle and nerve tissues.

Processed bakery products, Processed foods generally (incl. tinned and cured products),Table Salt

Low blood pressure,General muscle weakness/paralysis,Mild Fever;Respiratory problems.

Hypernatraemia, De-hydration (especially in babies), Possible long-term effects may include hypertension.

TYPE OF MINERAL

FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE

Chromium (Cr) Involved in the functioning of skeletal muscle

Cereals, Cheese, Fresh fruit, Meat, Nuts, Wholemeal flour.

Confusion, Depression, Irritability, Weakness.

Copper (Cu) Part of the enzyme copper-zince superoxide dismutase, present in other enzymes, including cytochrome oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and tyrosinases, Found in the red blood cells, and in blood plasma.

Cocoa, Liver, Kidney, Oysters, Peas, Raisins.

Insufficient copper has been associated with:changes in hair colour & texture, and hair loss; disturbances to the nervous system; bone diseases.Serious deficiency;Menke's syndrome.

TYPE OF MINERAL

FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE

Manganese (Mn) Antioxidant properties, Fertility, Formation of strong healthy bones, nerves, and muscles.

Avocados, Nuts, Pulses, Tea, Vegetables, Whole-grain cereals.

Bone deformities, Rashes & skin conditions, Reduced hair growth, Retarded growth (in children).

Excessive intake has been associated with brain conditions such as symptoms similar to those resulting from Parkinson's disease .

Selenium (Se) Antioxidant properties, Essential component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, Contributes to efficiency of the immune system.

Egg yolk, Garlic, Seafood, Whole-grain flour.

Cardiomyopathy, Kaschin-Beck disease (affects the cartilage at joints).

Selenium poisoning.

TYPE OF MINERAL

FUNCTION SOURCES DEFICIENCIES EXCESSIVE INTAKE

Sulphur (S) Healing build-up of toxic substances in the body, Structural health of the body, Healthy skin, nails & hair.

Beans, Beef Cruciferous vegetables (e.g. broccoli),Dairy produce, Meat .

Deficiency of sulphur is unusual.

Zinc (Zn) Needed for:Functioning of many (over 200) enzymes, Strong immune system.

Dairy produce, Egg yolk, Liver, Red meat, Seafood, Whole-grain flour.

Lesions on the skin, oesophagus and cornea,Retarded growth (of children), Susceptibility to infection.

Excessive intake is not a common problem but especially if zinc supplements are taken over an extended period of time, can reduce the absorption of Copper (so Copper supplements may also be appropriate).

WHY WE NEED MINERALS??• We can't make minerals in our body but we

must ingest them either in our food, our drinking water or in supplements. Most minerals are required in very minute amounts, and proving that a trace mineral is essential for health is a very difficult task.

• Everyone at every age needs minerals. A major exception is iron for children under age 4 and adolescent girls and women in the childbearing years.

• Nutritionists are very careful when they say that a nutrient is essential in the human diet. This is particularly true when it comes to minerals, because some minerals taken in high concentrations can be toxic.

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