NEISSERIA

MENINGITIDISBY. LOVELY KAMFWA

INTRODUCTION TO N.

MENINGITIDIS

IT IS ALSO REFERED TO AS MENINGOCOCCUS.

IT CAUSES MENINGITIS AND OTHER FORMS OF

MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASES.

IT’S ONE OF THE MAJOR CAUSES OF DEATHS.

THE BACTERIA ARE OFTEN ROUND AND JOINED

IN PAIRES.

THEY ARE GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA.

ABOUT N. MENINGITIDIS

IT’S A NORMAL FLORA IN THE NASOPHARYNX.

IT EXISTS ABOUT 5% TO 15 %

CAN BE SPREAD THROUGH THE EXCHANGE OF

SALIVA.

OTHER RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS.

DURING COUGHING, SNEEZING, KISSING ETC.

ABOUT N. MENINGITIDIS

A LIFE-THREATENING SEPSIS.

IMPAIRED IMMUNITY MAY BE AT PARTICULAR RISK.

RISK FACTORS RESPIRATORY INFECTION, SMOKING,

AND COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCY.

THE INCUBATION PERIOD IS SHORT, FROM 2 TO 10

DAYS.

LABORATORY TEST

SPECIMENS USED; MAINLY CSF AND BLOOD.

UPPON RECEIVING THE SPECIMEN, DO;

GRAM STAIN IMMEDIATELY.

IF RESULTS ARE POSITIVE, GO AHEAD AND DO

SENSITIVITY.

BUT YOU CAN ALSO DO GENERAL CULTURE.

NOTES TO REMEMBERN. MENINGITIDIS MAY OCCUR INTRACELLULARLY OR

EXTRACELLULARLY .

IT WILL APPEAR AS GRAM-NEGATIVE, COFFEE-BEAN

SHAPED DIPLOCOCCI.

GRAM+ BACTERIA CAN BE MADE TO APPEAR GRAM-

BY OVER-DECOLORIZATION.

GRAM- BACTERIA CAN BE MADE TO APPEAR GRAM+

BY UNDER DECOLORIZATION.

CULTURINGMEDIAS USED;

BLOOD AGAR PLATE OR

CHOCOLATE AGAR PLATE.

NEISSERIA MENENGITIDIS WILL BE POSITIVE

ON BOTH B.A AND C.A PLATE.

ON B.A PLATE

IT WILL USUALLY GROW WELL

ON CHOCOLATE PLATE

IT WILL ALSO GROW WELL ON CAP

OXIDASE TEST

OXIDASE POSITIVE N.MENINGITIDIS

OXIDASE NEGATIVE NOT N. MENINGITIDIS

POSITIVE DO CRYSTINE TRYPTICASE AGAR (CTA).

SUGAR TESTING.

ACID PRODUCTION, N.MENINGITIDIS POSITIVE

NO ACID PRODUCTION, NEGATIVE.

PREVENTION

PERSONS SHOULD BE HOSPITALIZED.

DISEASE CAN DISSEMINATE RAPIDLY.

INTRAMUSCULAR ANTIBIOTICS IS GIVEN.

ANTIBIOTICS LIKE CEFOTAXINE CEFTRIAXONE.

PREVENTION

RECEIVE MEDICATION, KEEPERS.

ESPECIALLY YOUNG CHILDREN AND THEIR CHILD

CARE GIVERS

ANYONE WHO HAD CONTACT WITH A PATIENT.

E.G. UTENSILS, MEDICAL INTERVATION. ETC.

PREVENTION

ANYONE ATE, SLEPT OR STAYED AT PATIENTS

HOME.

DURING 7DAYS BEFORE THE ONSET OF

SYMPTOMS.

RECEIVE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS.