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BS Nursing
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MICROSCOPE
DEFINITIONA microscope derived from the Greek
word ‘micron’= small and ‘scopos’= to look/ see
MICROSCOPE: an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.
MICROSCOPY: the science of investigating small objects using such an instrument.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• 1590— Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen, invented the first compound microscope.
• 1609—Galileo Galilei developed a compound microscope and he called it the "occhiolino" or "little eye."
• 1620— Christian Huygens, developed a simple 2-lens ocular system that was chromatically corrected.
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK – He is commonly known as “THE
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY", and considered to be the first microbiologist. He is best known for his work on the improvement of the microscope and for his contributions towards the establishment of microbiology.
He discovered bacteria, free-living and parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes, etc.
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MICROSCOPE USED BY ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
An old pocket microscope
What you can see in the microscope?
MICROSCOPIC
MONSTERS
When viewed up close beneath the unblinking eye of the microscope, the
tiniest mites and most harmless of insects become terrifying beasts to haunt your
dreams."
Electron microscopic view of parasite
Mouth of a round worm parasite
Hook worm- seen in stools. An intestinal parasite, a parasitic disease that is common in the tropics and subtropics.
SCABIES
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
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X-RAY MICROSCOPE
NEUTRON MICROSCOPE
SCANNING HELIUM ION MICROSCOPE (SHIM OR HEIM)
SCANNING ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE (SAM)
Electron Microscope
High level of technical skill is needed
Specimen preparation often takes
several days
Only dead and dried specimen
can be seen
All lenses are electromagnets
Very costly and heavy running cost
EXAMPLES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM)
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM)
SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPES
Optical/ Light Microscope
–Techniques are simple–Specimen preparation normally
takes a few minutes to a few hours–Live and dead specimen
can be seen –Condenser, objective and eye
piece lenses are made of glass–Cheap and negligible running cost
EXAMPLES OF OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
STEREO MICROSCOPE/ BINOCULAR DISECTING
MICROSCOPE
CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPE
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE— an optical instrument for forming magnified images of small objects, consisting of an objective lens with a very short focal length and an eyepiece with a longer focal length, both lenses mounted in the same tube.
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE— uses a single lens
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE— uses a set of lenses or lens
system
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
COMPOUND MICROSCOPEOM
Mechanical Parts— used to support and adjust the parts
Magnifying Parts— used to enlarge the specimen
Illuminating Parts— used to provide light
LET’S HAVE AN EXCERCISE
ANSWERSa. COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOBb. FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOBc. ARM OR THE NECKd. IRIS DIAPHRAGM LEVERe. FINE ADJUSTMENTf. MICROSCOPE BASEg. OCULAR or THE EYEPIECE h. BODY TUBEi. DUST SHIELDJ. OBJECTIVEk. OBJECTIVEl. STAGEm. CONDENSORn. MIRROR OR ELECTRIC LAMP