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Prepare B y : Abdulelah Farrag Al-malki
Specimen
• Specimen Type: Blood
• Container: Green (Li Heparin) or Red top tube (No Gel), tubes containing EDTA .
• Collection: Routine venepuncture
• Special Processing: Lab Staff: Centrifuge specimen, remove plasma/serum aliquot into a plastic sample cup. Sample to be run within 2 hours.
Patient Preparation: Patient should be on a stable diet for 3 weeks, and fast 9-12 hours before collection,
recommended.
Devises
Ultracentrifugation Electrophoresis
A lipid profile typically includes:
• Total cholesterol —this test measures all of the cholesterol in all the lipoprotein particles.
• Total cholesterol = LDL + HDL + (1/5 triglycerides)
For example, if one has HDL of 40, LDL of 100 and triglycerides of 100, then the total cholesterol = 100 + 40 + (1/5 of 100=20) = 160.
Normal Ranges
Total cholesterol(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 200 mg/dL Desirable
200-239 mg/dL Borderline high
240 mg/dL and above High
(HDL-C)
o Measures the cholesterol in HDL particles; often called "good cholesterol" because it removes excess cholesterol and carries it to the liver for removal.
Normal Ranges
HDL cholesterol(U.S. and some other
countries)
Below 40 mg/dL (men)Below 50 mg/dL (women)
Poor
40-49 mg/dL (men)50-59 mg/dL (women)
Better
60 mg/dL and above Best
(LDL-C)
o Often called "bad cholesterol" because it deposits excess cholesterol in walls of blood vessels, which can contribute to atherosclerosis.
o Usually, the amount of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is calculated using the results of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides.
Normal Ranges
LDL cholesterol(U.S. and some other countries)
Below 70 mg/dL Ideal for people at very high risk of heart disease
Below 100 mg/dL Ideal for people at risk of heart disease
100-129 mg/dL Near ideal
130-159 mg/dL Borderline high
160-189 mg/dL High
190 mg/dL and above Very high
Triglycerides
• low levels of triglycerides can be present : Patients who carry genes for familial
hypobetalipoproteinemia .
• High levels of triglycerides can be present : Metabolic syndrome .
Risk factor to CAD .
• Very high levels of triglycerides “ 500 mg/dl”: can be concerning for development of pancreatitis .
Triglycerides(U.S. and some other
countries)
Less than 100 mg/dL Optimal
101 - 150 mg/dL Normal
150-199 mg/dL Borderline high
200-499 mg/dL High
500 mg/dL and above Very high
Normal Ranges
(VLDL-C)
• Calculated from “ triglycerides/5 “ > this formula is based on the typical composition of VLDL particles.
NORMAL LEVEL : 30 mg/dL or 0.77 mmol/L
Chylomicron range in size from 75 to 1200 nm in diameter and their mass ranges from 50 x 106
to 1 x 109 D
Chylomicron
(LDL-P)
This test measures the number of LDL particles, rather than measuring the amount of LDL-cholesterol.
Reference Range for LDL-P :A value of less than 1.000 is considered ideal. Above 2.000 is considered very high.
Ideal: <1000Moderate: 1000-1299Borderline High: 1300-1599High: >1600
• Lp(a) Ultra :o Determination in serum and plasmao Measuring range: 3 - 130 mg/dLo CHD and ischemic stroke.
• Apolipoprotein A-1 :o Determination in serum and plasmao Measuring range: 30 - 270 mg/dLo Increase >> Physical exercise ,Pregnancy & statins. etc. o Decrease >> Chronic kidney disease , Smoking &
obesity …etc
• Apolipoprotein B : o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL
o Increased > Diabetes ..etc.
o Decrease > Hyperthyroidism .. etc.
• Phospholipids : o Determination in serum and plasma
o Measuring range: 40 - 800 mg/dL
