Dr. Shivashankar.K1st year Post Graduate..

Department of Public Health Dentistry

Levels of Prevention

Definition History of prevention Principles of prevention Types of prevention Intervention Types of intervention Prevention of dental caries Prevention of periodontal diseases Prevention of oral cancer Prevention of mal occlusion Conclusion References

Contents

Health and diseaseWHO definition of Health

“ Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-

being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity and the

ability to lead a socially and economically productive life.”

Disease:

A condition in which body’s health is impaired, a departure from

a state of health, an alteration of the human body interrupting

the performance of vital functions.

Prevention- Efforts which are made to maintain

normal development, physiologic function & to

prevent disease of the mouth & adjacent parts

- Blackberry

Definition

Intervention

Any attempt to intervene or interrupt the

usual sequence in the development of disease

in man.

Definition

What are the preventive procedures that we are practicing???????????

Twentieth century etiologic factors of most oro-dental disease were identified

emergence of prevention oriented science

In the first three decades

Great emphasis was placed on oral hygiene Dental hygienist courses were started

In the fourth and fifth decade Anti-carious effect of fluorides was established Water fluoridation and topical fluoridation started

History of preventive dentistry

In the sixth and seventh decade water fluoridation was started in many more cities

Fluoride toothpastes, mouthwashes, rinses, gels &

varnishes became popular

Pit and fissure sealants

Fluorides along with proper oral hygiene practice

has shown decline in dental caries in some

advanced countries.

History of preventive dentistry

Control of disease

Patient education & motivation

Development of host resistance

Restoration of function

Maintenance of oral health

Principles of prevention

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Levels of prevention

Iceberg’s phenomenon

Diagnosed disease

Undiagnosed orwrongly diagnosed disease

Diagnosed disease

Undiagnosed orwrongly diagnosed disease

Action taken prior to the onset of disease,

which removes the possibility that a disease

will ever occur.

Primary prevention

Primordial prevention

Population or mass strategy

Risk group.

High risk strategy

Psychological.EconomicFunctionalEstheticSocial

Advantages primary preventive dentistry

Terminate disease

Restore tissues

Secondary prevention

Mental anguishPhysical painLoss of productivityExpensiveLess effective than primary prevention

Disadvantages

Replacement

Rehabilitation

Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention Health Promotion. Specific Protection.

Secondary preventionEarly Diagnosis and Treatment.

Tertiary preventionDisability Limitation.Rehabilitation.

Modes of intervention

Defined as “ the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve health”.

Health promotion

decreasing the susceptibility of the host

Specific protection

Detection of the disturbances at homeostatic and compensatory mechanism while biochemical, morphological and functional changes are still reversible.

Early diagnosis and treatment

Pathogenesis phase

Impairment handicap

Restriction or lack of ability to perform an

activity in the manner or within the range

considered normal for a human being.

Disability limitation

Rehabilitation

Functional ability

medical

vocational

educational

social

Preventive dentistry

Prevent the disease & abnormalitiesCombined efforts of practitioner, patient and communityOptimum oral health

Practice of dentistry and community health programs

Louis P DiOrio. Clinical Preventive dentistry. Appleton – century – crofts.

Prevention of dental caries

- Appropriate use of fluorides -Use of F dentifrices - Oral hygiene practice-Community or school water fluoridation -School F mouth rinse program -School sealants program- Topical fluoride application - F supplements - Pit & Fissure sealants

- Self - examination & referral;- Regular check up by dentist

Use of dental professional

services

- Complete examination- Treatment of initial lesions; -Smpl restorative dentistry

- Root canal

treatment -

Extraction

Health promotion

Specific protection

Early diagnosis &

treatmentDisability limitation Rehabilitation

Indiv

Comm

Dentprof

Primary prevention Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Diet planning Periodic visit

to dental clinic Demand for preventive

servicesProper oral

hygiene DHE programmePromotion of research efforts

Patient Education & motivationPlaque control

program Diet counselingCaries activity

tests

- Dentures- Implants

- Periodic screening - Provision of Dental services

Provision ofdental services

- Oral hygiene practice

- Supervised school brushing

programme

- Correction of tooth

malalignment

-Oral prophylaxis

- Self - examination & referral;- Use of

dental services

Use of dental

professional services

Use of dental

professional services

- Complete examination;

scaling, curettage corrective,

restorative, & occlusal services

Deep curettage

;Root planing;

Splinting;Perio surgery;

Selective extractio

n

Health promotion

Specific protection

Early diagnosistreatment

Disability limitation

Rehabilitation

Indivl

Comm

Dentprof

Primary prevention Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Prevention of periodontal diseases

Periodic visit to dental clinic Demand for

preventive services

DHE programmePromotion of

research effortsProvision of oral

hygiene aids

Patient Education & motivation

Plaque control programRecall

reinforcement.

- Removable & fixed

prostho- minor

tooth movement

- Periodic screening

- Provision of Dental

services

Provision ofdental services

Provision of dental services

- Avoidance of known irritants

- Removal of known irritants

in the oral cavity

- Self - examination & referral;

Use of dental

professional services

Use of dental

professional services

- Complete examination ; Biopsy; Oral

cytology; - Complete - excision

Chemo- therapy

Radiation Surgery

Health promotion

Specific protection

Early diagnosis

andtreatment

Disability limitation Rehabilitation

Indivl

Comm

Dentprof

Primary prevention Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Prevention of oral cancer

Periodic visit to dental clinic

DHE programmePromotion of

research efforts

Patient Education & motivation

- Periodic screening &

referral

Provision ofdental services

Provision of dental services

Maxi-facial & Prostho

Plastic surgery

-Use of protective

device -Habit control

-Mouth guard

programmes

-Safety measures for play Caries control; Periodontitis

control;Space maintainers

prenatal care parent counseling

Use of dental

professional services

Use of dental

professional services

Use of dental

professional services

Minor orthodonti

cs

Major orthodonti

cs surgery

Health promotion

Specific protection

Early diagnosistreatment

Disability limitation

Rehabilitation

Indivl

Comm

Dentprof

Primary prevention Secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

Prevention of malocclusion

Periodic visits to dentist

-DHE Programme -Promotion of

Protective coverings & protective guards

Patient education

Maxi-facial & Prostho

Plastic surgery

Provision of dental services

Provision ofdental services

Provision of dental services

Proverbs

K. Park, Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine, park, 19th edition.

Jong’s community dental health. George M Gluck & Warren M Morganstein. Fifth edition

Joseph John. Textbook of preventive and community dentistry. Second edition.

Louis P DiOrio. Clinical Preventive dentistry. Appleton – century – crofts.

Richard. E. Stallard. A textbook of Preventive Dentistry. 2nd edition 1982. WB. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

Norman.O.Harris. Primary preventive dentistry.

References