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From last Lesson........
Research suggests that the hippocampus is critical to the formation and consolidation of memories, playing part in deciding if information received a by the senses is worth remembering, then organising memories before directing them to other sections of the brain.
What role does the hippocampus play in memory?
Friday, 13 April 2012
Outcomes (What you need to know and be able to do)• Explain how memory changes over a lifespan• Explain amnesia resulting from brain trauma and
neurodegenerative diseases including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
• Compare how memory declines over the lifespan with amnesia resulting from brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Friday, 13 April 2012
Amnesia – Loss of memory, partial or complete, temporary or permanent. Can be caused by either of:
Amnesia
Friday, 13 April 2012
Amnesia – Loss of memory, partial or complete, temporary or permanent. Can be caused by either of:
Brain trauma – damage inflicted through injury interferes with functioningE.g. Brain injury, stroke, drug abuse etc
Amnesia
Friday, 13 April 2012
Neurodegenerative disease – decline in structure and function of neurons E.g. Alzheimer's disease
Amnesia – Loss of memory, partial or complete, temporary or permanent. Can be caused by either of:
Brain trauma – damage inflicted through injury interferes with functioningE.g. Brain injury, stroke, drug abuse etc
Amnesia
Friday, 13 April 2012
Retrograde AmnesiaCant remember old informationEvents before the injury lostUsually temporary and caused by a blow to the headMemory of events immediately preceding the injury are permanently lost (interruption or consolidation)
Friday, 13 April 2012
Anterograge AmnesiaCan’t make new Long Term memories ofevents that occur after the injury – hippocampus damage commonCannot transfer information from STM to LTM
Retrograde AmnesiaCant remember old informationEvents before the injury lostUsually temporary and caused by a blow to the headMemory of events immediately preceding the injury are permanently lost (interruption or consolidation)
Friday, 13 April 2012
Large group of neurodegenerative diseases that cause a decline in mental functioning.
Dementia
Dementia develops progressively with loss of memory an initial onset symptom
Friday, 13 April 2012
• The most common form of dementia• Accounts for 50 – 70% of dementia• Neurodegenerative disease that causes wide spread cell
death• Causes decline in all aspects of cognitive function• Post-mortems reveal deposits of plaque along the
damaged synapses• These plaques and tangles effect neural transmission
Alzheimer’s Disease
Friday, 13 April 2012
• 100,000 Australians effected• 1 in 25 over 60• 1 in 8 over 80• No simple diagnostic test – really only know for sure
when post-mortem conducted• Symptoms are different for each person further
complicating diagnosis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Friday, 13 April 2012
Typical memory loss includes• Events• Words and names• Written and verbal directions• Stories, TV, Movies, Books• Semantic memory decline• Procedural memories
Personality changes can also occur..........
Alzheimer’s Disease - symptoms
Friday, 13 April 2012
• Show high levels of the protein Amyloid• Highly toxic – causes cell death• Causes the development of the plaques and tangles• Brains also have a massive lack of acetylcholine (an
important neurotransmitter)
Alzheimer’s Disease – Post-mortem
Why are you in my brain amy loid??? She likes to play twister and tangle things up. Doesn’t brush her teeth and leaves Plaque everywhere! She drinks all the acetylcholine mouthwash
Friday, 13 April 2012
Not necessarily inevitable, some natural decline is normal, amount of decline depends on, how retention is measured,motivation to remember, self confidence, nervous system slowing are possible explanations for the decline.
Memory decline over the lifespan
Friday, 13 April 2012