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Presentado por: María Gabriela Novoa Christian Ramírez Rodríguez Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

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Seminario de artículo de investigación, Biología Molecular 2014.

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Page 1: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Presentado por:

• María Gabriela Novoa

• Christian Ramírez Rodríguez

Histone acetylation may suppress

human glioma cell proliferation

when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are

induced

Page 2: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced
Page 3: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Introduction

• The histone deacetylase inhibitors

(HDACs) have been widely

studied as anti-cancer drugs.

• The most studied drugs have been

NABT and Trichostatin A.

• 5 glioma cell lines, T98G, A172, U-

87 MG, U-118 MG and U-373 MG

were studied.

Page 4: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Introduction

• After treatment with NABT and trichostatin

A, the cells developed a fundamental

process to block cell proliferation in glioma.

• In some cell lines the apoptosis process

was essential, while in others it was more

significant expression of p21 and gelsolin

important in cell cycle control proteins.

• HDAC inhibitors suppress cell proliferation.

Stimulating apoptosis and decreasing the

synthesis of DNA.

Page 5: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Histone

• Simple, basic, small proteins.

(11000-21000 Da).

• Positively charged (rich in Arg

and Lys).

• Histones are five types: H1,

H2A, H2B, H3, H4.

Page 6: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Histone

• DNA and Histone: Nucleosome.

• Some post-translational modifications: acetylation,

methylation, phosphorylation, ribosylation.

Page 7: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Histone

Functions:

• Chromatin structural

organization.

• Phosphate groups

neutralized.

• Packing of DNA.

• Controlling replication and

transcription.

Page 8: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Glioma

• These tumors grow on

nerve tissue

(intraparenchymal).

• Diffusely, are not

delimited from the rest of

the parenchyma

(invasive).

Page 9: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Glioma

• Astrocytoma, Ependymoma, Oligodendroglioma.

• Are classified into 4 grades according to aggressiveness

and malignancy (Kernohan classification).

Page 10: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Glioma

• Brain edema.

• Blood-brain barrier damage.

• Necrosis.

• Epilepsy.

• Decreased intellectual capacity.

• Loss of strength and sensitivity.

• Loss of memory, vision, speech.

Characteristic:

Page 11: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Gelsolin

• Globular protein of 82 KDa. Protease activity.

• Six subdomains: S1-S5 each with five beta-sheetsand two alpha helices.

• Belongs to the superfamily of villin.

• Gelsolin fixed PIP, gelsolin is stimulated by anincrease in cytosolic calcium.

Page 12: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Gelsolin

Functions:

• Cap protein and can prevent

the loss and addition of G actin

molecules.

• In the presence of calcium,

promotes fragmentation of actin

filaments and prevents further

growth and disrupts the

cytoskeleton.

Page 13: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

p21WAF/Cip1

• Is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1Agene located on chromosome 6 (6p21.2).

• p21 is a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI).

• Regulator of cell cycle progression at G1 and S phase.

• p21 can mediate cellular senescence.

• The expression of this gene is tightly controlled by thetumor suppressor protein p53.

Page 14: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

p21WAF/Cip1

Page 15: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced
Page 16: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

General AIM

• The general aim of the

research is to evaluate the

antiproliferative activity of

HDAC inhibitors (NaBT and

Trichostatin A) on 5 glioma cell

lines, T98G, A172, U-87 MG,

U-118 MG and U-373 MG.

With the examination of the

altered expressions in p21 and

gelsolin genes.

Page 17: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Cultivo celular

• Las células son puestas en

medios de cultivo con varios

aditivos con el fin de

garantizar un buen crecimiento

y desarrollo de las células.

• Se añadieron inhibidores de la

HDCA.

Page 18: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Cultivo celular

En esta investigación se utilizó para que las 5 líneas de

células de glioma maligno humano tengan un buen

medio para proliferar.

Page 19: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Ensayo de proliferación celular

• En pocillos se siembran

cierta cantidad de células a

condiciones especificas

(tiempo, temperatura, entre

otros) para incubarlas, luego

se miden con

espectrofotometría.

Page 20: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Ensayo de proliferación celular

• Se utilizó en esta investigación para comparar el

crecimiento de las células en un medio que contenía

inhibidores de la HDAC Vs las que estaban en SFB.

Page 21: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Ensayo de fragmentación del DNA

• Se recolectan y sedimentan

las células, se lavan y se

resuspenden, luego se tratan

con un tampón de lisis

celular y luego se incuban.

• ADN se precipitó con etanol

y se resuspendió en agua

destilada.

Page 22: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Ensayo de fragmentación del DNA

• Las células se sometieron a electroforesis en gel de

agarosa.

• El gel se tiñó con bromuro de etidio, y el DNA se visualizó

usando un Transilluminater UV.

Page 23: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Ensayo de fragmentación del DNA

Se utilizó para separar el DNA

de las otras proteínas que

también son objeto en el

estudio.

Page 24: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Análisis del ciclo celular mediante citometría de flujo

• Basada en la utilización

de luz laser.

• En este procedimiento las

células se tratan y se

fijan. Luego se analizan

para detectar una

población celular entre

otras presentes en la

misma muestra.

Page 25: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Análisis del ciclo celular mediante citometría de flujo

Se utilizó para detectar líneas celulares específicas y

evaluar el ciclo celular.

Page 26: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Aislamiento y fraccionamiento de histona

• Las histonas se precipitaron

con acetona.

• Se centrifugaron, secaron y

resuspendieron en agua

destilada.

Page 27: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

Aislamiento y fraccionamiento de histona

• Acetilación de histonas se

evaluó por histonas de

fraccionamiento en geles de

ácido / urea / poliacrilamida.

• Y luego se tiñeron los geles.

Page 28: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

SDS-PAGE y análisis de inmunotransferencia

• Las proteínas se separan por electroforesis por la

técnica SDS-PAGE, en una solución con SDS cargada

(-). Las proteínas se transfieren a un filtro y se incuban

con anticuerpos que reaccionan con la proteína de

interés.

Page 29: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Materiales y métodos

SDS-PAGE y análisis de inmunotransferencia

• Se utilizó para identificar

las diferentes proteínas

que son objeto de

estudio en esta

investigación .

Page 30: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Results

HDA, alteran las fases

del ciclo celular

Page 31: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Results

• Las células T98G, A172

y U118, indican que

sufrieron apoptosis.

• U-87 MG y U-373 MG, la

apoptosis fue menor.

Page 32: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Results

• Acetilación de Histonas Fracción en 4 H4

Page 33: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Results

Regulación en alta de p21

y gelsolin Análisis inmunoblot

Page 34: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Results

Expresión temporal del gen p21 y gelsolin en T98G

Page 35: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Discussion

Author Phrase Agree Desagree

Gibson et al., 1999 “ paradoxical effect of butyrate”

“The growth inhibition was apparent

in glioma cells by treatment with

both NaBT and TSA, but a

paradoxical effect was observed by

treatment with NaBT”

Hargreaves et al.,

1989, Stockhammer

et al., 1995,

Engelhard et al.,

1998

“ NaBT, phenyl acetate and phenyl

butyrate were not recognized as

HDAC inhibitors”

Page 36: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Author Phrase Agree Desagree

Harada et al.,

2000

“ Reported growth inhibition after

transfection of the p21 gene into

glioma cells”

Thompson et al.,

1998

“ Histone acetylation clearly must

alter expression of other genes

involved in cell growth, such as

c-MYC, c-MYB, and more”

Discussion

Page 37: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Conclussion

The HDAC inhibitors are a great idea to treat differents

types of cancer, due to number of actions that cause

like inhibit the cell proliferation and cell cycle, and

induce apoptosis.

Through HDAC inhibitors we can induce p53 protein

function, reducing the risk of developing cancer.

Page 38: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Conclussion

• We can achieve reduce the effects caused by

chemotherapy and radiotherapy with new drugs

alternatives, like HDAC inhibitors.

• We can conclude that acetylation of histone proteins,

play a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and

activation of apoptosis or programmed cell death.

Page 39: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced
Page 40: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced
Page 41: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced

Referencias Bibliográficas

• Hideki Kamitani; Seijiro Taniura; Kenji Watanabe; Makoto

Sakamoto; Takashi Watanabe; Thomas Eling. “Histone

acetylation may suppress humanglioma cell proliferation

when p21WAF/Cip1and gelsolin are induced”. Neuro-

Oncology. Pp: 95 – 101.

Page 42: Histone acetylation may suppress human glioma cell proliferation when P21waf/Cip1 and gelsolin are induced