Hepatoprotective Activity Of Aegles mermelos In Indium titonate Nanomaterial

Induced Liver Damage In Albino Rats

BY SREEREMYA.SM.phil

INTRODUCTION• Liver is one of the largest organ in the human

body and the chief site for intense metabolism and excretion

• Liver diseases pose a serious challenge to international public health and around 20,000 people die every year due to liver disorders

• Agents causing injury to liver are generally called as hepatotoxins which include various chemicals, drugs, alcohol etc..

• The nanoparticle and nanotechnology field is a fast-growing research . Research has already led to significant breakthroughs, and several products are available commercially

Cont…• Nanotoxicological studies tells that

nanoparticles also has hazardous properties

• Several studies have shown that some of them can pass through the various protective barriers of living organisms

• The inhaled nanoparticles can end up in the bloodstream after passing through all the respiratory or gastrointestinal protective mechanisms. They are then distributed in the various organs and accumulate at specific sites like spleen, liver, kidney,brain,bones etc…

Cont..

• Aegle marmelos L. belongs to the family Rutaceae; an important medicinal plant being used in the folk therapy.

• It is the most useful medicinal plant of India. Its medicinal properties have been described in the ancient medical literature.

• All parts of the tree (stem, bark, root, leaves and fruit at all stages of maturity) have medicinal virtues and have been used as medicine for a long time

• 1) Collection of plant materials:• Leaves of Aegles mermelos was collected from the local areas of

Palakkad in the month of December 2011 and were shade dried for one week.The dried leaves were ground to coarse powder using mixer grinder.

• 2) Preparation of the Extract: • The powdeir was defatted with pet.ether and then extracted with

methanol successively in soxhlet apparatus which is further concentrated under reduced pressure with rotary evoparator.

Cont..

Etraction in soxhlet apparatus Concentrating the extract using rotary evoparator

Cont..3) Phytochemical screening of the plant : The

concentrated extract is used for the phytochemical screening of various components like

1)alkaloids 2)steroids

3) flavanoids4) saponins

5)Resins 6) tannins-phenol compounds,

7)Glycosides8) coumarin

9) Terpenoids 10) carbohydrates

Phytochemical screening

NO TEST APPEARANCE RESULT

ALKALOID TEST a)Dragendroff test Orange red +++

b)Mayers test Dull white +++

c)wagners test Reddish brown +++

d)Wagers test Yellow precipitate+++

FLAVANOID TEST a)Cyanide test Orange red +++b)Test for flavanoid Yellow

+++

c)Antimony trichloride test

Yellow or green +++

STEROID TEST a)Salkowsk’s test Yellow with green fluorescence

+++

b)Libermann’s testRed colour changes to bue to green

+++

SAPONINS TEST a)foam test No foam formed ___

Cont….RESINS purple colour +++

TANNINS-PHENOL COMPOUNDS TEST

a)fecl3test Bluish black +++

b)lead acetate test Precipate formed +++

GLYCOSIDES Fehlings test Lightish bue colour +++

COUMARIN TEST NaoH test Yellow colour +++

TERPENOID’S TEST Reddish brown precipitate

+++

CARBOHYDRATES TEST

a)Molisch’s test Reddish violet ring +++

Dragendroff test Mayers test Wagners test

Hagers test

Alkaloid test

Test for steroids

Salkowsk’s test Libermann test

Test for flavanoids

Cyanide test

Antimony trichloride test

Molisch’s test

Test for carbohydrates Test for terpenols

Coumarin test

Test for coumarin Test for glycosides

Test for resins

Fecl3 test

Test for tannins-phenol compound

Test for tannins phenol compound

Lead acetate test

Cont..• Experimental animals Healthy adult albino rats of male sex (100–200 g) were procured

from Kovai Medical College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore Tamilnadu. They are housed in hygienic polypropylene cages and fed with rat pellet feed supplied. The rats were divided in to 5 groups:

Group 1:control (distilled water only)

Group 2:negative control(50mg/kg)

Group 3:standard+inducer(50mg/kg)

Group4:plant extract(100mg/kg)+inducer(50mg/kg)

Group 5:plant extract(200mg/kg)+inducer(50mg/kg)

Cont..

Weighing of the rat Caging of the rats

Future plans1)After incubation period for 7 days rat is sacrificed and blood serum is taken for

biochemical estimations and liver homogenate for antioxidant assays and histopathological work

2)The biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, AST and Bilirubin in the serum of the rat when administered with nanoparticles and Aegles mermelos leaf extract is calculated

3)Antioxidant assays like SOD(superoxide dismutase),LPO(lipid per oxidation),GSH(reduced glutathione) and catalase is to be performed

4)Histopathological investigations of liver