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view complete webinar archive at: http://healthpromotionlive.com
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Healthy Workplaces: a Global Model and Guidelines for Action
HP Live – September 24, 2010
1
Life Expectancy at Birth (2007)
Global Risk Factors
3 - poor diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
FOUR - heart disease, type 2 diabetes, lung
disease and some cancers
50 - per cent of deaths in the world
www.3four50.com
The Future Workforce...
• Older
• With more long term conditions or „lifestyle‟ conditions
• Caring for others
• Obese with diabetes and/or heart problems
• In the kind of jobs more likely to have an impact on psychological health
• Working in knowledge-intensive or service industries
Source: „The future health of the workforce: 2009 to 2030“
5
Top Employer Objectives Driving Wellness Initiatives
Africa/ Mid East Asia Australia Canada Europe
Latin America
United States
Improve productivity/presenteeism 2 4 1 1 1 2
Improve morale/engagement 1 2 2 3 2 2 4
Reduce employee absence 5 3 3 2 4 7 3
Improve workplace safety 2
5
1 6 6 3 6
Maintain work ability 4 7 5 4 5 4 7
Further org. values/mission 5 4 8 7 3 5 5
Attract and retain employees 8 8 7 8 7 8 8
Promote corporate image/brand 7 7 6 9 10 10 9
Reduce health care/ins. costs 11 11 10 5 11 11 1
Social/community responsibility 9 9 9 10 9 6 10
Comply with legislation 9 10 11 11 8 9 11
Supplement gov't health care 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Preliminary (pre-publication) results from 2010 Global Health Promotion Survey
1
3
6
4
6Preliminary (pre-publication) results from 2010 Global Health Promotion Survey
Health Issues Driving Wellness StrategyAfrica/ Middle East Asia Australia Canada Europe
Latin America
United States
Stress 1 1 1 1 1 2 6
Physical activity/exercise 4 3 3 3 2 1 1
Nutrition/healthy eating 4 7 1 5 5 3 2
Work/life issues 4 2 3 2 3 12 10
High blood pressure 4 10 10 8 10 4 5
Chronic disease 2 9 9 7 13 5 3
Workplace safety 9 4 6 6 4 6 11
Depression/anxiety 8 13 7 4 7 9 9
High cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) 12 11 11 9 12 7 7
Tobacco use/smoking 11 5 13 11 8 10 8
Psychosocial work environment 10 8 14 12 6 8 15
Obesity 15 15 8 14 14 11 4
Sleep/fatigue 16 12 5 9 11 14 14
Personal safety 13 6 12 13 9 13 13
Infectious diseases/AIDS/HIV 3 17 16 17 18 16 17
Maternity/newborn health 18 14 18 16 16 15 12
Substance abuse 14 18 15 15 15 18 16
Public sanitation 17 16 17 18 17 17 18
7
Europe
• 11% estimated to have a mental disorder
• Stress-related conditions are the second
most reported work-related health problem,
affecting 22% of workers from EU 27 (2005)
• In 2007, productivity-related costs of mental
health disorders in the EU-25 was estimated
at 136 billion Euros.
Sources:
European Pact for Mental Health and Well-Being, Eur J of Neurology, 2005,
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
Italian Legislation
• Legislative Decree no. 81/08 (106/09)
• in accordance with the European Agreement of
8 October 2004
• Stress risk evaluation is mandatory as of Dec.31
• Dynamic process: should be repeated if e.g.,
changes during the manufacturing process or
the organization of work relevant for health and
safety of workers occur
• Implications: employers now taking note and
implementing assessment systems
10
World Health Organisation
• Directs and coordinates authority for health within the
United Nations system since 1948
• Provides leadership on global health matters
• Sets norms and standards
• Provides technical support to countries
• Shapes the health research agenda
• Articulates evidence-based policy options
• Monitors and assesses health trends
• headquartered in Geneva
Workplace Health Timeline
Key Conventions/Declarations:
1950 Joint Committee on Occupational Health
(WHO/ILO)
1981 ILO Convention 155
• Required member states to establish
national policies on health and safety.
1986 Ottawa Charter
1997 Luxemburg Declaration
2005 Charter for Health Promotion in a
Globalized World
• Health Promotion „requirement for good
corporate practice‟
2007 Global Plan of Action on Workers Health
• Milestone document which provides clear
objectives and priority area for action
2009 Healthy Workplace Framework Model
Timeline Of Global Workplace Health Evolution
Source: WHO Healthy Workplace Framework Model, 2010
Ottawa Charter on Health Promotion
13
Basic Occupational Health Services
• Application of the primary health care
principles in the sector of occupational
health
• Occupational health services are available
to only 10-15% of workers worldwide
• Launched by ICOH
14
Priorities of the Global Plan of Action on Workers’ Health
• To support workers health policies must be
developed and implemented at national and
enterprise level;
• Health must be protected and promoted in the
workplace
• Access to BOHS must be improved
• Evidence-based effective practices to improve
worker health must be communicated
• Worker health must be considered in the broader
context of education, trade, commerce, and
economic development.
46 member states
2000: Development Occupational
Health & Safety in Africa strategy
2005: Many African nations in the
process of formulating and
planning for national strategies
Priorities
- Physical work environment
- Traditional occupational health
and safety issues
AFRO: Regional Office For Africa (Brazzavile, Congo)
PAHO: Regional Office For the Americas (Washington DC, USA)
48 member states
Regional Plan on Workers Health :
• strengthen capabilities to anticipate, identify, evaluate and control or eliminate risks and dangers in the workplace
Priorities:
– Promote workers health legislation and
regulations
– Establish programmes to improve quality of
work environment
– Fostering programmes for health promotion
and disease prevention.
EMRO: Regional Office For The
Eastern Mediterranean (Cairo, Egypt)
21 member states
• Primary health care systems provide occupational health services
Priorities:
• physical work environment
• elimination and control of
physical health and safety
hazards
• gender issues
53 Member states
• Comprehensive, resource-rich and sophisticated, yet not unified workplace health network
• Various organisations focusing on variety of workplace health aspects
Priorities:
• physical, chemical, biological
ergonomic and mechanical risks
• psychosocial environment
• organizational culture
EURO: Regional Office For Europe (Copenhagen, Denmark)
11 member states
• Region with the highest regional burden of disease attributable to occupational risk factors.
Priorities:
• informal sector
• worker participation
• continual improvement process with
ongoing measurement and
evaluation
• need for corporate social investments
in the community
SEARO: Regional Office For South-East Asia (New Delhi, India)
27 Member state
• „Regional Guidelines for the Development of Healthy Workplaces‟ (1999)
Workplace health models are
based on following principles:
• Build on local practice
• use learning by doing
• encourage exchange of
experiences
WPRO: Regional Office For The Western Pacific (Manila, Philippines)
Why Develop a Healthy Workplace Framework?
22
• It‟s the Right Thing to Do: Business Ethics
• It‟s the Smart Thing to Do: The Business
Case
• It‟s the Legal Thing to Do
• The Global Perspective
The Framework
Synthesis of best available knowledge and
experiences worldwide, as collected and
analyzed by occupational health experts in
diverse countries.
Lead: Occupational Health,
Interventions for Healthy Environments,
Department of Public Health and
Environment
23
What is a Healthy Workplace?
based on WHO Health Promotion definition:
“A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.”
Proposed Definition
A healthy workplace is one in which workers
and managers collaborate to use a
continual improvement process to protect
and promote the helth, safetty and well-
being of the workers and the sustainability
of the workpalce by considering identified
needs’.
Work influences Physical Safety and Health
• Occupational diseases under reported and under
recognised
• 1.7 million people die per year from occupational
diseases (WHO)
• 160 million new cases of occupational disease
occur (WHO)
• MSDs: repetitive strain injuries + cumulative
trauma
Work Affects Mental Health and Well-Being
• Causation
– Work place factors may contribute to existing mental disorders
• Demand/Control and Effort/reward
• Work-family conflict
– E.g. role overload, caregiver strain, work-family interference
– Different type of conflict affect the two genders differently
• Job Insecurity
• Inclusive Work Culture
– Moral and job satisfaction leads to increased productivity
• Workplace Risk Factors for Mental disorders
The Positive Impact of Work on Health
Work is good for
physical and mental
health (in general):
• self-esteem
• companionship
• status
28
Worker Health affects the Enterprise
Does ill health among employees affect the health,
effectiveness, productivity or competiveness of
an enterprise?
YES: difficult to recognize and quantify costs and
other effects on the enterprise
How Worker Health and The Community Are Interrelated
Clean water
Primary healthcare
Literacy rate
Natural disasters
30
31
WHO Healthy Workplace Model
World Health Organization, Healthy Workplace Framework and Model, February 2010
Comprehensive model emphasises
four “Avenues of Influence”
Avenues of Influence for a Healthy Workplace
Physical Work Environment
• hazards: chemical, ergonomic, biological, driving, etc.
Psychosocial Work Environment
• hazards: poor work organization, organizational culture,
shift work issues, fear of job loss, etc.
Personal Health Resources
• hazards: physcial activity, poor diet, alcohol/drug abuse
Enterprise Community Environment
• hazards: poor air quality, polluted water, lack of literacy,
lack of access to primary health care, etc.
Evaluating Interventions
• Cochrane Collaboration“The Cochrane Collaboration is an enterprise that rivals the Human
Genome Project in its potential implications for modern medicine.”
(The Lancet)
• Non-Cochrane Criteria
• Grey Literature
• Precautionary Principle
• Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of
Interventions
Evidence for Interventions That Make Workplaces Healthier
Evidence for Effectiveness of:
• Occupational health and Safety Interventions
• Psychosocial/Organizational Culture
Interventions
• Health Promotion in the Workplace
• Community Participation
Keys to Success
• Leadership engagement
• Workers involvement
• Gap analysis
• Learn from others
• Sustainability
• Integration
The Process: How to Create a Healthy Workplace
Continual improvement
process:
= cycle based upon the
premise that in order to
always meet customer
needs you must
continuously improve.
Challenges
“For a small enterprise,
determining local good
practice is important.
Talking to local experts
or visiting enterprises
that have addressed
similar situations is a
good way to find out
what can be done and
get ideas on how to do
it.”37
Challenges
Developing healthy
work- places in
the informal
economic sector
is a global
challenge that
needs to be
faced.
38
Questions on the WHO Healthy Workplace
Framework??
39
International WHP Initiatives
• Inaugural URAC/GKEN International Health
Promotion Awards
• World Economic Forum Workplace Wellness
Initiative
• European Network for Workplace Health
Promotion (ENWHP)
• International Association for Worksite Health
Promotion (IAWHP)
• IDWellness
40
The Luxembourg Declaration on WHP in the EU
„WHP is the combined efforts of employers, employees and society to improve the health and well-being of people at work.“
This can be achieved by a combination of the following:
•improving the work organisation and the working environment
•promoting active participation
•encouraging personal development
Source: BKK
Inaugural URAC/GKEN International Health Promotion Awards
1. International Community Health Awards
2. International Workplace Health Awards
www.aihpa.org
International Committee• advises the IAWHP on relevant programmatic
and cultural issues that extend beyond or
outside of the United States
• seeks to define the value for and role of
worksite health promotion globally
• lead the way as a facilitator of communication
relative to the integration of worksite health
promotion efforts among global and local in-
country companies
IAWHP International Plans
• Global Roundtable 2012
• International column in „Worksite Health“
• Global representation in membership and
committees
Your Thoughts
How can the WHO Global Guidance be
useful for employers, employees and
program providers?
- contents
- format
- distribution
45