Global switch is pue dead in the water

ALWAYS ON GLOBALSWITCH.COM

Is PUE Dead in the Water?

Derek Allen

May 2014

ALWAYS ON GLOBALSWITCH.COM AMSTERDAM FRANKFURT HONG KONG LONDON MADRID PARIS SINGAPORE SYDNEY

2

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Overview of technical information

3. Claims about Power Utilisation Effectiveness (PUE)

4. What does PUE mean to the end user?

5. Efficiency versus data centre reliability

6. The risks involved in achieving a low PUE

7. Conclusion


1. Introduction

3


4

Derek Allen, Group Operations Director

30 years' industry experience

working for companies including

Cable & Wireless, UBS and BT

13 years in the data centre industry

Extensive knowledge from operating

large scale data centres

Focus on ensuring best-in-class

operating procedures across global

footprints

1978

2000

2002

2008

2012

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=W6St_B09X_G1lM&tbnid=BXOVJP99IP9O1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://blogs.kingston.ac.uk/careers/2012/11/16/engineering-careers-uncovered-employers/&ei=zON4UpjaJOeU0AXb_ICICA&bvm=bv.55980276,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNGyue54wtVT2r_JIZjOyBaiNxaogA&ust=1383740673476333


Leading Large Scale Carrier Neutral Data Centre Owner,

Operator and Developer Europe and Asia-Pacific

Founded in 1998

Global Switch owns and operates its data centre properties

Around 3,100,000 sq ft of gross space

Nine data centres across seven markets located in Tier 1 city centres close to business, communications and internet hubs

Network dense environments with low latency

Better than 99.999% uptime

Market leading track record

Company asset value of £3.8bn as at 31 March 2013

Internationally renowned customer base

Financially strong

Committed to ISO 9001, 14001, 18001, 27001

5


6

What Happens in an Internet Minute?

Source: Intel


2. Overview of Technical Information

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Data Centre Efficiency Metrics

CUE Carbon usage effectiveness

DciE IT equipment power / Total facility power x 100 %

DCcE Data centre compute efficiency

DPPE Data centre performance per energy

CADE Facility efficiency (FE) x Asset Efficiency (AE)

PUE Total energy usage / IT energy usage

pPUE Total energy within a boundary / IT equipment within that boundary

FVER Fixed to variable energy ratio

= 1+ fixed energy / variable energy

ERE Total energy usage- reused energy / IT energy

WUE Water usage / IT energy

EUE Total facility energy consumption / exchange equipment

RUE and RUiE Rack unit effectiveness

Data Centre

Efficiency

Metrics

Data centre Alliance- Carbon Production Measurement

Amount of IT equipment

used, in standard units

kWh electricity

used per unit x x

Energy overhead

of data centres x

Carbon emissions

of electricity

source(s)

PPW

Performance per Watt

CLF Cooling load factor

PLF Power load factor


9

Data Centre Efficiency Metrics

EPR Electricity production rate

(for combined heat and power systems)

DCP Data centre productivity

COP Coefficient of performance

SPECpower

Data Centre

Efficiency

Metrics

Data Centre Carbon Emission

Carbon Footprint

DCEP Data centre energy productivity

DCEP Data centre energy productivity

Mips/W Mega instructions per second per watt

ITEU (IT equipment utilisation)

ITEE (IT equipment energy efficiency)


PUE=

10

Data Centre Efficacy Metrics Calculations

Electric Energy *1.0 + Chilled Water Energy * 0.4

PUE=

IT Equipment Energy * 1.0

Total Facility Energy

IT Equipment Energy

PUE= EITS –ECRAC – EUPS – ELV +ENet1

ESIS+ETIS+ETX+EHV+ELV+EF

PUE is now recognised as one of the leading measures for data centre comparisons

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=uYSOGHnrnHHTBM&tbnid=b80vnt-v0GJOnM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://logos.wikia.com/wiki/Google&ei=lTZxUvTrAerb0QXR8YDIDQ&bvm=bv.55617003,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNGthdJYNhbTHhy8iNtsePRNL9Yd_w&ust=1383237646640322

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=P89IPFzaHxc1PM&tbnid=9UxXK3RRZT6yCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tuthillpump.com/index.cfm/techinfo/quality-and-iso-9001-certificates/&ei=vR55Uru3Lcq30QWX3YCYBA&bvm=bv.55980276,d.ZGU&psig=AFQjCNElv99RsVzGjlFJMzUqAesv7SEKqw&ust=1383755828942145


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PUE Reporting Styles


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PUE Reporting Styles

PUE

One of the objectives of this presentation is to make a case for creating an

industry PUE reporting standard calibrated for real use (that gives an axis to the graphs)

va

lue

Time (10 years)

1000

0 0

4

PUE

Time (1 year)

va

lue

DCIM

Time ( 1 year)

va

lue

0

4

4

0


13

PUE Subcomponents

IT Load

Compute

Devices

Network

Devices

IT Support

Systems

Telecoms

Storage

PUE = Total Facility Energy

IT Equipment Energy

Facility Load

Building

Management

Office Lights

HVAC

Fire and

Security

Power

Infrastructure


14

The Efficiency Challenge

POWER IN MW (106)

LIGHT OUT mW (10-3)

Transformers

Suites

Cooling Heat

rejection

Generators/DRUPS

Data

Ligh

t In

fras

tru

ctu

re

Po

we

r


15

End User Survey – 2013

We asked a select group of end users

a series of questions around PUE

and the metrics that

are important to them


16

End User Survey –2013

PUE Cat 0: IT load measured at UPS output(s). Total dc power measured

at the utility meters. Peak utilisation/demand in a single snapshot

measurement

PUE Cat 1: IT load measured at UPS output(s). Total dc power measured

at the utility meters. 12-month cumulative readings

PUE Cat 2: IT load measured at electrical distribution panels supporting IT

loads. Total data centre power measured at the utility meters. Peak

Utilization/demand in a single snapshot measurement

PUE Cat 3: IT Load measured at the point of connection of IT devices to

electrical system. Total dc power measured at the utility meters. 12 month

cumulative reading

Use an alternative local method for measuring PUE


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Which method do you use to calculate PUE?

7%

14%

17%

21%

17%

24%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

PUE Cat 0: PUE Cat 1: PUE Cat 2: PUE Cat 3: Alternative local method formeasuring PUE

Other

Source: Global Switch End User PUE Survey 2013


3. Claims about PUE

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Who is your audience?

Design/Technical

At what load/what resilience/part load efficiency?

Tier I (N)

Tier II (N+1)

Tier III (N+1) – concurrently maintainable

Tier IV 2(N+1) – Fault tolerant, not just N+N

Marketing

Hyped up messaging

Populated entirely with sound-bites

Operations/Procurement

Metered or Calculated?

Is this daily, monthly, annual, average?

Is the Tier level as per Uptime Institute (to standard)?

We must test the sources of data


20

Traditional or Modular?

Modular data centres “more affordable”?

Extract from Networking (October 2013)

.... “ the actual cost of deploying a modular data centre solution

is around 13 % less than the build of a traditional data centre of

similar capacity. The study compared all associated costs of

both approaches, and also found that in many cases the

greater density and more efficient use of space means that

modular facilities are able to achieve significantly better PUE. “


21

Where are you measuring your PUE?

16

kW

57, 000

kW


22

IT Loads v Plant

Mature Data Centre New IT Mature Plant Poor PUE

Mature Data Centre New IT New Plant Average to Good

PUE

Mature Data Centre Old IT Mature Plant Average to Good

PUE

New Data Centre New IT New Plant Average to Good

PUE

New Data Centre New IT Mature Plant (!) PUE?

New Data Centre Old IT New Plant

Outstanding PUE

(Unbelievably

good!)

Test Reality of PUE at Real Site


4. What does PUE mean to the end user?

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What does PUE mean to you?

88%

44%

6%

59%

50%

25%

3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

How efficiently yourData Centre

operates

How much power isused by ITequipment

Industry guide thatis used for Total

Cost of Occupancypurposes

Ratio of IT power toData Centre facility

power

Means to calculateCarbon Reduction

Commitment (CRC)tax liability

Efficiency of theData Centre

infrastructure plantitems

Data Centreinfrastructure

efficiency (DCie)

Not a meaningfulmetric

Other



25

How do you believe a lower PUE will impact your business?


86% 83%

31% 35%

10% 10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Save energy Save money Deploy more ITequipment

Improve propositionsto Executives /

Finance Director

Demonstrate buyingpower in market

Other

Impact on Business


26

Which PUE measurement is important to you?


29%

50%

54%

14%

57%

25%

39%

0% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Designexpectation

Full load Part load Instantaneous Monthly average Seasonalaverage

Annual average Other

PUE Measurement


27

What has your organisation done in 2013 to improve its PUE rating?


39%

64%

61%

32%

54%

11%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Improved datacollection

Optimisedinfrastructure

Introduced energysavings

Changed operatingparameters

Changed IThardware

Other


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Do you know the PUE average of your data centres?


YES NO

45% 55%


5. Efficiency Versus Data Centre Reliability

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Speed versus Reliability and Efficiency


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Processing Efficiency

Physical Infrastructure

Power

Cooling

Lighting

Physical security

Fire protection

Uniform classification of power-consuming subsystems is

essential for benchmarking data centre efficiency

IT Load

Servers

Storage

Networking

Power IN IT Watts Mips/W

PUE =

Watts IN

IT Watts


32

Uptime v PUE

IT LOADS

Transformers Heat

Rejection

Transformers DX CRAC

Transformers Fan Wall

Transformers Fresh air

systems

Transformers Adiabatic

Coolers

Transformers HV

Transformers Transformers

Transformers

Air

Containment

- CAC

- HAC Transformers UPS /

DRUPS

Transformers Refrigeration Transformers CRAC

Units


33

Plant Efficiency at Part Load

20% 100% 75%

Lo

ad

Peak Design Load

Efficiency


34

Data centre losses S

IMP

LE

DA

TA

CE

NT

RE

HV

input

HEAT

HEAT

CRACS CHILLED WATER CHILLERS

ELECTRICAL ENERGY HEAT

ELECTRICAL ENERGY



Electrical

energy

converted

to heat

HEAT HEAT HEAT

HEAT HEAT HEAT

RE

SIL

IEN

T D

AT

A

CE

NT

RE

IT LOAD

Electrical

energy

converted

to heat

HV

input

HV

input

HV

input

TY

Switch

gear

switch UPS

Switch gear

switch TY UPS


6. The risks involved in achieving a low PUE

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Risks of achieving a low PUE

When end users simply focus on reducing PUE, it can

be counter- productive

Example data centre – simple maths

Input power of 100 kW; 50kW of which is being used

to power IT equipment; Average PUE 2.0

The IT department decide to virtualize servers

IT power is reduced by 50%, i.e. 25 kW

A likely input power could be 75kW so PUE

becomes 3.0

The compute capacity is the same – infrastructure

plant remains


37

Are you aware of ISO 50001?


YES NO

32% 68%


Data centre design objectives

LEED , NABERS and

BREEAM accreditations

Provide best in class space

utilisation in terms of gross to

net technical space

Offer a scalable environment

for end users with flexible

densities across the facility in

accordance with ASHRAE TC

9.9 standards

Minimised waste heat, so low

PUE

Incorporate green concepts

that support local communities

38


PUE is about Continuous Improvement

Data Centre Design Monitoring & Reporting

Operation has to be committed

to energy efficiency, reducing

carbon emissions and

investigating green energy

solutions

Commitment to developing

sustainable data centres

Latest innovations applied in

design

HV transformers placed close to IT load

Reduce low voltage distribution losses

Purchase at highest possible voltage

Design transformer for maximum

efficiency

Outside air cooling, where

available

Increasing to ASHRAE ‘in-suite’

temperature and humidity

parameters to improve energy use

Flexible load matching features

Constant monitoring of

temperature and humidity

systems

Work closely with end users to

continually improve energy

efficiency

Organisation

Power Cooling

Always Green

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ISO 30134-2

Information technology- Data Centres- Key Performance

Indicators - Part 2: Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)

Under development

Defines the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of a data centre

Introduces PUE measurement categories

Describes the relationship of PUE to a data centres infrastructure, IT

equipment and IT operations

Defines the measurement, the calculation and reporting of the PUE

Provides information on the correct interpretation of the PUE


7. Conclusion

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Data Centre Efficiency “A Brave New World”

PUE

ISO Standard ISO

30134

Space Efficiency Ratios

Tier Rating and Uptime

%

Power Costs per Unit

£, $ or €

Rental Cost

Scale: Efficiency of

Plant

The objective of this presentation was to make a case for creating number of

metrics including an industry PUE standard associated to real use


Psychrometric Chart

Normal Temperatures

Barometric Pressures 1013.25 mbar

-10

-5

0

10

15

20

25

30

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

0.000

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

0.011

0.012

0.013

0.014

0.015

0.016

0.017

0.018

0.019

0.020

0.021

0.022

0.023

0.024

0.025

0.026

0.027

0.028

0.029

0.030

Dry Bulb Temperature (°C)

0.75

0.85

0.80

Relative Humidity (% rH )

Red Area- ASHRAE Allowable

Blue Area – ASHRAE Recommended

0.90

Traditional data centre standard

5

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Psychrometric Chart

Normal Temperatures

Barometric Pressures 1013.25 mbar

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.011

0.012

0.013

0.014

0.015

0.016

0.017

0.018

0.019

0.020

0.021

0.022

0.023

0.024

0.025

0.026

0.027

0.028

0.029

0.030

Red Area- ASHRAE Allowable

Blue Area – ASHRAE Recommended

Traditional data centre standard

44

% Load / Design

Occu

pan

cy %

Climate Hot / Humid Cool / Dry


45

Thank you for listening

Derek Allen Group Operations Director D +44 (0) 20 7802 5192 M +44 (0)7884 584 814 [email protected]

GLOBAL SWITCH, ALWAYS GREEN

Thank you for your time.

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Global switch is pue dead in the water