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Fernando Gomez M.S. Animal Production Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 22 year veteran in swine industry 1992-1994: Starts Agrosuper 1994-2006: PIC, developed business in in 7 Latin American countries 2006-2013: Norson, (associated with Smithfield) Farrow to Finish Production Manager, Mexico 2013-Present: Wean to Finish Specialist, PIC, NA
Success on First Week… Achieve an Excellent Transition
Old Environmental New Environmental Immunity Colostrum Need to Create Immunity
Competition Only first 24hrs During 24hrs/day Feeder Space 1 Inch/pig 10 pigs/drinker Floor; 2.8-3.65 sqft/pig Heat zone
Feed Form Liquid Milk Solid Feed
Digestibility High Low (starch & fiber)
Three Major Factors – “SFC Concept”
Good Start
• Good Clean & Disinfection & Dry
• Placement Plan • Environmental Care
Intensive Feed Training
• Mat Feeding
• Feeding Supporting (example-Gruel) • Water Intake Training
Reduce Competition
• Feed
ü Feeder Space ü Pan Coverage
• Floor • Water ü Drinker/pig ü Water Pressure
• Temperature
Cleanness and All In-All Out Importance
Good Start; Clean & Disinfection & Dry
Strategies for the Control of Respiratory Disease, Glasgow University, Stanley Done, 1996
AIAO, UncleanedBuildings
DLG (gm/day) DLG (gm/day) Weaners 595 515 15.5Growers 1 643 597 7.7Growers 2 736 712 6.3Finishers 671 621 8.1Wean-to-Sale 658 619 5.9
AIAO, Cleaned Buildings
Cargill, C., and Banhazi, T. (1998) Proc 1st IPVS 3, 15.
Class of Pig % Improvement
Influence AIAO Managements (Cargill & Banhazi, 1998)
Partially Cleaned
Totally Cleaned
% Improvement
# Closeouts 13 13Weight at exit, lb 11.5 12.0 3.9Daily gain, lb/d 1.52 1.64 7.4% Treated 6.9 4.1 40.6% Mortality 3.5 2.1 40(Danish National Committee for Pig Production Review, 1996)
1. Remove all Pigs
2. Scrape and remove all large organic material from pens (including feed from feeders)
3. Remove feeders, heat mats, to maximize surface areas for soaking.
4. Soak the room with sprinkler system
5. Apply Acid Wash (Foaming Gun) 30 minute contact time
6. Power wash with hot water
7. 3rd party inspection and potential re-wash room KEEP INSPECTING UNTIL APPROVED!!
8. Apply disinfectant with Foaming Gun
9. Allow facility to warm and dry for optimum 3 days before new pigs entry
Good Start; Clean & Disinfection & Dry
Good Start; Placement Plan (Example)
Normal Condition 7% Pulled pigs days 1-3 7 % Pulled pig pen (Hospital) 10 % Graduated Pigs Health Challenges Conditions Considers extra space for Hospital Pen Hospital Pen no more than ~80% of capacity, extra feeder, temperature, water availability.
Good Start- Environmental
Room Temperature ü In accord to Facilities and Comfort Zone
Comfort Zone 1. Brooders ü Typically for 2-4 weeks
2. Mats ü Create a comfort zone of 950F below brooder ü Allows pigs to choose their area ü Provide 0.4 ft² of mat space per head ü Typically is removed 2 wks post placement
Humidity ü Relative Humidity <65%
Air Speed ü Inlet air speed; 600-800 FPM ü Air Flow on the back pig < 30-40 FPM
555861646770737679828588
1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92 99 106
113
120
127
134
141
148
155
162
169
176
Solid Sided Barn & Concret Slatted(Temperature oF vs Days on Feed)
No Brooder+ no Mat Brooder and No Mat Brooder + Mat
Pigs with Health Challenges
55
58
61
64
67
70
73
76
79
82
85
1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92 99
Solid Sided Barn & Concret Slatted(Temperature oF vs Days on Feed)
Brooder + Mat Temp Level Recept (Healthy) PED&PRRS Challenges
Room Temperature
Good Start- Environmental
MAT FEEDING – GOAL IS FEEDING INTAKE TRAINING • Critical point for pigs with PED and PRRS Challenges • ~ 1lb per 40 pigs • 0.4 ft2/pig • 4-6 times per day during 3-7 days
Intensive Feeding Training
Potter, Dritz, Tokach, Goodband and Nelssen, KSU 2010
8.0
1.9
4.6
1.4
43%
26%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
d 0 to 11 removals/died, % d 11 to 27 removals/died, %
%
Control Mat-‐fed Differences
Mat Feeding Impact ( KSU, 2010)
Intensive Feeding Training
5.14%
6.29%
3.14%
1.71%
y = -0.0134x + 0.0743R2 = 0.7231
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
Control 2x 4x 6x
Treatments
Deat
hlos
s (%
)Mat Feeding Impact
Treatments (General Population only) ; Control – no special feeding, Mat feeding 2x, 4x or 6x a day (8 oz./30 pigs), 350 pigs per treatment group. Starting Wean Weights ; Average = 12.8 lbs, Range = 7.5 to 21 lbs.
Intensive Feeding Training
• Critical point for pigs with PEDand PRRS Challenges• Use starter diets• Clean bowl and mix fresh gruel3 x per day (2-3 Days)• 8 oz feed & 24 oz H2O/15 pigs,consumed in 1 Hour • 3 inches/Pig Bunk Space
29.70%
19.40%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Mat Only Mat & Gruel
Treats (%
)
Treatments in Sort down pigs; Mat feeding 2x a day (8oz) vs Mat feeding (2x a day) PLUS gruel 4x a day
Gruel Feeding Impact in sorting pigs
Feeding Supporting- Gruel
Nursery (Example) Day 1- max 3 70% Day 4-7 50% Day 7 to exit 40%
Market Pigs 35%
Reducing Competition- Feed
Pan Coverage ~70% first 1-3 days
Pan Coverage ~35% -Late Finishing
Short Feeders will restrict feed intake
Feeder Space PIC Recommends Nursery; 1 inch/pig
Stocking Density PIC Recommends Nursery; 2.80sqft/pig (50lb)
3.65sqft/pig (75lb)
Reducing Competition- Feed
Drinker/Pig Height Dirty Pan Feeder Design
Reducing Competition - Water
• Critical point for pigs with PED and PRRS Challenges • Pigs per Drinker (10 pigs/drinker) • Water Flow (NRY 500ml/min) • Height (Nipple; Pig shoulder level)
8 12 25ADG, lb/Day 1.012 0.946 0.902No Visits/6h 13.88 10.60 10.32
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
# Visits in 6 hrs p
eriod
lb/d
ADG in Nursery Wean-‐42 days, Bowl drinker. Sandler, 2008
Drinker to Nursery Pigs Ratio. Effect on Drinking Behavior and Performance, Sadler et al, ISU 2008
0.40.420.440.460.480.50.520.540.56
200 400 700
ADG, lb/d (1
0-‐20
Kg)
ml/min
Water Flow Impact in Nursery Pigs(Brooks & Laibrandt cited, Gadd 2005)
$ 1.79/pig
$ 0.55/pig
Pig per Drinker Impact
Water Flow Impact
Reducing Competition - Water
Impact of the ADG in the First Week Post Weaning vs WTF Performance
0 7 28 56 156
0
5
10
15
20Weight Advantage, lb
Tokach et al., 1992
Day Postweaning
< 0 lb/d0 - .33 lb/d.33 - .50 lb/d> .50 lb/d
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
180.00
200.00
220.00
240.00
260.00
280.00
-‐0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Mar
ket W
eigh
t
First 21 Days ADG
Impact of Early ADG on End Weight
Impact of the ADG in the First 3 Weeks Post Weaning vs Market Weight
• PEDv challenged pigs have decreased capacity for nutrient absorption within the small intestine. • Regeneration time for critical absorptive epithelial cells: ü In young pigs, takes much longer than in mature animals. ü As the pig ages it remains vulnerable to diarrhea, however expected mortality
rates decrease due to gut maturation.
• Presenting nutrients that are both absorbable and quickly available to maintain energy is essential. Avoiding osmotic diarrhea is key. ü Simple sugars and electrolytes are critical to improve survivability.
ü Transitioning piglets off of a milk-based diet as quickly as possible is key to
mitigating losses.
Husbandry’s Goal Assure hydration and maximize absorption while the
body repairs. Optimize pig comfort.
PED Post Weaning Challenge
Hydration
Electrolytes – Gruel Ample Water
Activity Stocking Density
Feed Intake
Feeding Space Diet Design
Environment Air Temperature
Mat Space Mat Temperature
Piglet Survival
PED Pig Care: 4 Keys
GRUEL FEEDING – EXTRA WATER REDUCE COMPETITION FOR FLOOR AND FEEDER SPACE
GRUEL FEEDING
INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT
EXTRA TEMPERATURE
DESICCANTS FOR PED PROBLEMS
Health Challenges; Additional Value
ELECTROLYTES (3-5 DS)
ACID PAK